MAIN 


DEPT. 


BIOLOGY 

LIBRARY 

G 


MATERIALS  FOR  A   MONOGRAPH 


OF   THE 


NORTH    AMERICAN    ORTHOPTERA. 


BY 

SAMUEL   H.  SCUDDER 


[From  the  Boston  Journal  of  Natural  History,  Vol.  VII.  No.  3.] 


CAMBRIDGE: 
PRINTED    BY    H.    O.    HOUGHTON. 

1862. 


BIOLOGY 

LIBRARY 

G 


MAiN  .  LTURE  DEFT. 


ART*  VIIL  —  Materials  for  a  Monograph  of  the  North 
American  Orthoptera^  including  a  Catalogue  of  the  known 
New  England  Species.  By  SAMUEL  H.  SCUDDER. 

[Read  May  21st,  1862.] 

THE  North  American  Orthoptera  have  been  very  much 
neglected,  very  little  special  attention  having  been  paid 
to  them ;  for  besides  the  earlier  general  works  of  Lin- 
neus,  Fabricius,  De  Geer,  Stoll,  and  Palisot  de  Beauvais, 
and  the  more  recent  ones  of  Burmeister  and  Serville, 
which  included  descriptions  of  North  American  Orthop- 
tera among  others,  the  only  other  notices  of  our  species 
have  been  in  the  few  scattered  descriptions  by  Say,  Hal- 
deman,  Kirby,  Girard,  and  myself,  if  we  except  only  these 
two  :  —  Harris's  mention  of  the  New  England  Orthoptera 
in  his  "  Report  on  Insects  of  New  England  Injurious  to 

JOURNAL    B.   S.   N.   H.  52  NOVEMBER,   1862. 


51723: 


410    * $La}erj,alS'Jor  a  Monograph 

"Vegetation,"  which,  though  very  meagre  indeed,  is  yet  a 
fuller  treatment  of  them  than  has  been  given  by  him  to 
any  other  group  in  his  Report ;  and  De  Saussure's  short 
diagnoses  of  new  species  in  the  "  Revue  et  Magasin  de 
Zoologie,"  about  three  years  since,  which  have  reference 
principally  to  tropical  forms. 

My  earliest  intention  in  this  paper  was  to  restrict  my- 
self to  a  critical  revision  of  the  Orthoptera  of  New  Eng- 
land, known  to  me,  whether  described  or  undescribed; 
and  this  has  continued  to  be  the  main  purpose  of  the 
article,  in  its  present  form,  —  more  enlarged,  because  it 
was  readily  seen  that  a  much  better  understanding  might 
be  obtained  of  the  peculiarities  of  its  fauna  by  compar- 
isons, the  more  extended  the  better,  with  species  closely 
allied  from  without  its  limits.  This  has  been  the  case, 
particularly  among  the  Locustarice  ;  and  it  is  hoped  that 
some  better  understanding  may  thereby  be  had  of  the 
Orthopteran  fauna  of  the  whole  of  North  America.* 

To  further  my  purposes  I  solicited  the  assistance  of 
many  of  my  friends,  and  have  invariably  received  their 
kindest  cooperation.  The  original  collection  of  Dr.  T.  W. 
Harris,  in  the  Society's  possession,  has  been  invaluable  to 
me ;  for  by  it  I  have  been  enabled  to  know  exactly  the 
extent  of  his  knowledge  of  our  fauna,  as  well  as  to  de- 
termine his  species  directly  from  his  types.  The  collec- 
tion of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  has  been 
of  great  assistance  to  me,  —  containing  as  it  does  many 
species  I  could  not  otherwise  have  seen  from  the  southern 

*  The  whole  number  of  species  mentioned  is  115,  of  which  78  are  found  in  New 
England,  distributed  among  the  different  families  as  follows:  — 

Whole  No.  From  New  England. 

Forficulariae          .-:  ;:-'V' "'  •  ?-  ':""»     *''.•>'*,—       2  2 

Blattariae  .,;,,.«-    ,4- :-.;-i»..-f  ,-...../>  ,,i>,j':           9  7 

Phasmida     .        .        .    f    .        .  ;     .        . .  •.        1  1 

Gryllides  '.'^;'L    '"  ''v'     -^    V                                14  11 

Locustariae   *  ^>-s    .-   .'  a'.     >.•].        .        .          41  16 

Acrydii     .     ,,../-     .,,     .. ._ .....(<        .        .              48  41 

115  78 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  411 

and  western  portions  of  our  country,  —  besides  the  New 
England  collection  of  Mr.  A.  Agassiz.  To  Mr.  P.  R. 
Uhler,  of  Baltimore,  - —  almost  the  only  one  in  our  coun- 
try who  studies  the  Orthoptera,  —  I  am  greatly  indebted, 
both  for  many  valuable  suggestions,  and  for  some  very 
interesting  insects  from  various  parts  of  our  Union,  and 
especially  for  the  opportunity  of  examining  many  species 
of  CeuthophiluSi  new  to  me.  From  Mr.  F.  G.  Sanborn 
I  have  received  very  rich  collections  from  Massachusetts, 
including  the  Orthoptera  of  the  State  Cabinet.  My  thanks 
are  also  due  to  Miss  A.  M.  Edmands,  of  Cambridge ; 
Messrs.  C.  A.  ShurtlefF,  of  Brookline,  Mass. ;  Edward 
Norton,  of  Farmington,  Conn* ;  and  A.  S.  Packard,  Jr., 
of  Brunswick,  Me.,  who  have  generously  placed  all  their 
collections  from  their  several  vicinities  in  my  hands,  and 
to  Mr.  C.  Thomas,  of  Murphysboro',  Illinois,  for  many 
specimens  from  that  State.  By  my  own  collections  along 
the  route  taken  by  Sir  John  Richardson  in  Northwest 
America,  I  have  been  enabled  to  determine  the  few  species 
described  by  Kirby,  as  well  as  to  add  others  to  its  fauna, 
and  by  specimens  collected  for  a  number  of  years  in  the 
New  England  States,  to  add  considerably  to  my  material 
for  this  investigation* 

Such  have  been  my  opportunities  for  the  study  of  our 
Orthoptera,  so  far  as  native  species  are  concerned ;  but 
there  have  also  been  of  very  material  assistance  to  me  in 
generic  determinations,  — -  the  large  series  of  European 
Orthoptera  in  the  Cambridge  Museum,  —  and  a  very  fully 
represented  and  beautiful  collection  of  European  species 
which  I  have  received  from  Herrn  Brunner  von  Wattenwyl, 
who  has  in  his  possession  the  original  collection  which 
formed  the  basis  of  Fischer's  elaborate  work. 

I  have  only  made  mention  in  this  paper  of  species 
which  I  have  myself  seen,  with  but  a  single  exception  — 
Ceuthophilus  scabripes,  and  have  endeavored  to  verify 


412  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

every  synonymical  reference.  Of  the  work  of  Stoll,  I 
have  only  been  able  to  make  a  hasty  examination,  with- 
out the  opportunity  of  direct  comparison  with  specimens ; 
and  the  references  to  Palisot  de  Beauvais  are  not  so  com- 
plete as  they  would  have  been  had  I  ever  seen  a  perfect 
copy.  In  my  references  to  Harris's  Report,  I  have  quoted 
the  last  (third)  edition  only,  because  it  is  better  known, 
has  illustrations  of  many  species,  and  there  has  been  no 
essential  alteration  in  the  text  of  the  three  editions.  To 
those  who  would  not  otherwise  understand  the  claim  of 
prior  description  in  some  cases,  I  would  say  that  the  first 
edition  was  published  in  1841.  I  have  also  made  full  ref- 
erences to  his  "  Catalogue  of  the  Insects  of  Massachu- 
setts," (published  in  1835,  in  Hitchcock's  "  Report  on  the 
Geology,  Mineralogy,  Botany,  and  Zoology  of  Massachu- 
setts," and  also  in  a  smaller  volume  extracted  from  it, 
under  the  title,  "  Catalogue  of  the  Animals  and  Plants  of 
Massachusetts,")  not  because  the  names  given  there  have 
any  value  in  questions  of  priority,  but  because  Dr.  Harris 
had  sent  away  many  collections  correspondingly  labelled. 
To  prevent  misunderstanding,  I  may  state  that  where 
I  have  not  indicated  the  number  of  specimens  examined, 
it  is  to  be  taken  for  granted  that  I  have  seen  a  consider- 
able number  ;  and  where  no  reference  is  made  to  the 
sexes  seen,  I  have  examined  both.  The  measurements 
given  have  been,  so  far  as  possible,  average  measure- 
ments. The  length  of  the  body  has  been  given  as  a 
straight  line,  connecting  (in  the  natural  attitude  of  the" 
Orthopteron)  the  tip  of  the  vertex  and  the  extremity  of 
the  abdomen  —  excluding  the  ovipositor  in  the  females  of 
Gryllides  and  Locustarise,  and  including  the  inarticulated 
abdominal  appendages  in  the  males ;  the  length  of  the 
ovipositor  is  given  as  a  straight  line,  connecting  its  tip 
with  the  point  of  junction  of  the  upper  and  lower  valves 
at  its  base. 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  413 

For  more  easy  reference  I  have  prefixed  an  asterisk  (*) 
to  such  species  as  I  have  seen  from  New  England.  In 
giving  localities,  I  have  only  referred  to  those  from  which 
I  have  myself  seen  specimens,  and  have  appended  to  them 
the  names  of  the  collectors ;  or  where  that  was  not  known, 
the  person  from  whom  I  received  them. 

I  add  here  a  Table  for  the  more  ready  determination  of 
the  genera,  which  I  have  made  as  simple  and  concise  as 
possible.  It  is  strictly  limited  to  the  genera  of  New  Eng- 
land, and  is  not  intended  for  reference  to  the  species  out- 
side its  limits. 

A  TABLE  TO  FIND  THE  GENERA  OF  NEW  ENGLAND  ORTHOPTERA. 

1.  Hind  legs  longest;  hind  femora  thickened 4 

1.  Legs  of  nearly  equal  length;  hind  femora  not  thickened          ...  2 

2.  Abdomen  armed  behind  with  a  forceps         .        .        .        (Forficularice)  6 

2.  Abdomen  not  armed  behind  with  a  forceps 3 

3.  Body  broad  and  flat (Blatlarice)  7 

3.  Body  long    and    exceedingly   slender,   with    slender    legs.      (Phasmida) 

Diapheromera. 

4.  Antennaj  long  and  tapering 5 

4.  Antennae  short  . (Acrydii)    23 

5.  Wing  covers  with  the  outer  portion  bent  abruptly  downwards.  ( Gryllides)     11 
5.  Wing  covers  sloping  downwards  at  the  sides          .        .        (Locuslarice)    15 

FORFICULARICE. 
6.  Antennae  with  less  than  12  joints Labia. 

6.  Antennae  with  more  than  20  joints Labidura. 

BLATTARI^E. 

7.  Winged 8 

7.  Wingless Pycnoscelus. 

8.  Females  with  developed  wings  .........       9 

8.  Females  with  rudimentary  wings Stylopyga. 

9.  Basal  joints  of  tarsi  longer  than  the  others 10 

9.  Basal  joints  of  tarsi  shorter  than  the  others Ectobia. 

10.  Supraanal  plate  deeply  fissured Periplaneta. 

10.  Supraanal  plate  not  deeply  fissured Platamodes. 

GRYLLIDES. 

11.  Fore-tibiae  broad 12 

11.  Fore-tibiae  slender .        13 

12.  Insect  large Gryllotalpa. 

12.  Insect  small Tridactylus. 

13.  Hind-femora  stoutish     ...........     14 

13.  Hind-femora  slender (Ecanthus. 


414  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

14.  Last  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  of  the  same  length  as  the  penultimate 

Gryllus. 
14.  Last  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  double  the  length  of  the  penultimate 

Nemobius. 

LOCUSTARI^E. 

15.  Wingless,  or  with  rudimentary  wings  and  wing-covers        .        .        .        .16 
15.  Winged 17 

16.  Wingless;  pronotum  not  extended  over  meso- and  metanotum  .  Ceuthophilus. 

16.  With  rudimentary  wings  and  wing-covers ;  pronotum  extended 

over  meso- and  metanotum Thyreonotus. 

17.   Wing-covers  expanded  in  the  middle        .......        18 

17.  Wing-covers  not  expanded  in  the  middle 20 

18.  Wing-covers  much  broadened  in  the  middle,  concave  .        .      Cyrtophyllus. 

18.  Wing-covers  somewhat  broadened  in  the  middle,  not  concave  .        .        .19 

19.  Ovipositor  very  small Microcentrum. 

19.  Ovipositor  of  medium  size Phylloptera. 

20.  Vertex  of  the  head  with  a  conical  projection  forwards         .     Conocephalus. 

20.  Vertex  of  the  head  without  a  conical  projection 21 

21.  Ovipositor  straight,  or  very  nearly  so;  insect  small         .        .          Xiphidium. 
21.  Ovipositor  curved ;  insect  large 22 

22.  Ovipositor  curved  sharply  upwards Phaneroptera. 

22.  Ovipositor  ensiform    .........  Orchelimum. 

ACRYDII. 

23.  Pronotum  produced  backwards,  covering  abdomen     .        .        .        .        .31 
23.  Pronotum  not  produced  backwards  over  abdomen  ....        24 

24.  Antenna?  broad  and  flattened  at  base,  acuminate      .        .        .         Opomala. 

24.  Antennas  filiform,  or  slightly  flattened 25 

25.  Prosternum  with  a  slender  central  spine      .        .        .        .        .        .        .26 

25.  Prosternum  without  a  spine 28 

26.  Sternal  spine  prominent 27 

26.  Sternal  spine  but  slightly  raised Arcyptera. 

27.  Lateral  carinas  of  pronotum  more  or  less  prominent ;  medial  carina  scarcely 

elevated ;  extremity  of  abdomen  of  males  much  swollen     .     Caloptenus. 
27.  Lateral  carina?  of  pronotum  wanting;  medial  carina  generally  prominent ; 

extremity  of  abdomen  in  males  not  swollen          .        .        .       Acridium. 

28.  Front,    nearly  perpendicular,   generally    swollen;    vertex    not    prom- 
inent        (Edipoda. 

28.  Front  considerably  oblique,  sloping  inwards;  vertex  prominent  .  .  29 
29.  Hind-border  of  pronotum  sharply  angulated  ....  Tragocephala. 
29.  Hind-border  of  pronotum  docked  or  rounded  ......  30 

30.  Foveolse  on  the  vertex;  lateral  carinae  of  pronotum  incurved  .  Stenobothrus. 

30.  No  foveolas  on  the  vertex;  lateral  carinas  of  pronotum  parallel  or  nearly 

so Chloealtis. 

31.  Pronotum  arched  roundly .    Batrachidea. 

31.  Pronotum  nearly  or  quite  horizontal          .......        32 

32.  Antennae  13-14  jointed Tettix. 

32.  Antenna?  22  jointed         . Tettigidea. 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  415 

FORFICULARUE,  Latreille. 
SPONGOPHORA,   SERVILLE  (emend.) 

*  1.    S.  BIPUNCTATA,  HOV.  Sp. 

The  head,  antennae,  and  prothorax  are  reddish  brown  ; 
eyes  black ;  elytra  darker  brown,  with  a  rather  large  pale 
spot  equi-distant  from  the  base  and  either  border ;  wings 
at  rest,  extending  nearly  twice  as  far  back  as  the  elytra, 
pale,  with  a  dark  brown  band  along  the  inner  edge  be- 
yond the  elytra;  there  is  a  faintly  impressed  longitudinal 
line  on  the  prothorax.  Length  from  front  of  prothorax  to 
tip  of  wings,  .3  in. 

I  place  this  species  in  this  genus  with  some  degree  of 
doubt,  because  I  have  but  a  single  mutilated  specimen  to 
examine,  which  wants  abdomen  and  legs,  the  elytra  and 
wings  of  one  side,  and  the  principal  part  of  the  antennae  ; 
but  the  parts  that  remain  exhibit  good  specific  characters. 

Mass.  (H.  Coll.)     Taken  May  30.     1  specimen. 

LABIA,  LEACH. 

*  1.  L.  MINUTA,  nov.  sp. 

Thorax,  elytra,  and  exposed  portion  of  wings  yellowish 
brown,  covered  with  shortish  hairs;  middle  of  abdomen 
reddish  brown  ;  sides  of  the  abdomen  above  and  the  head 
dark  reddish  brown  approaching  a  black ;  last  segment  of 
abdomen  and  forceps  reddish  brown;  abdomen  also  and 
forceps  thickly  beset  with  shortish  hairs  ;  legs  shining  pale 
yellow  ;  parts  of  the  mouth  and  antennae  yellowish  brown  ; 
abdomen  beneath  brownish  yellow  ;  $  forceps  slender,  of 
nearly  equal  width  throughout,  curving  outwards  slightly 
at  the  middle,  and  then  inwards  towards  the  tip  ;  slightly 
falciform,  and  meeting  only  at  the  tip ;  minute  triangular 
black  teeth  on  the  lower  inner  edge ;  9  forceps  diminish- 
ing in  size  to  the  tip,  which  is  very  slightly  curved  in- 
wards ;  otherwise  they  are  straight,  meeting  along  the 
whole  inner  edge,  which  is  toothed  as  in  the  $ ;  tips  as 


416  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

united  together  rounded,  very  slightly  shorter  than  in 
the  <J .  Length  of  whole  body,  .2  in. ;  forceps,  .04  in. 
Mass.  (H.  Coll.,  November  4,  1845,  flying  in  evening; 
Shurtleff,  Aug.  28.)  Virginia,  (Uhler.)  imperfect  speci- 
men ;  3  £  ,  1  9  . 

BLATTARI^E,  Latreille. 

Stylopyga,  Fischer,  having  been  proposed  as  a  genus 
for  the  reception  of  Blatta  orientalis  L.,  before  Peripla- 
neta  of  Burmeister,  must  be  retained  for  it ;  but  since  B. 
americana  L.  must  be  placed  in  a  different  genus  from 
B.  orientalis,  we  may  reserve  Periplaneta  for  that  species 
with  its  allies,  and  the  more  properly  since  it  is  mentioned 
first  under  the  genus  by  Burmeister.  The  two  genera  will 
be  found  to  differ  not  only  in  the  rudimentary  condition 
of  the  wings  in  the  females  of  Stylopyga,  but  also  in  the 
wings  of  the  males,  which  are  much  shorter  than  the  body 
in  Stylopyga,  and  longer  than  the  body  in  Periplaneta  ;  the 
outer  border  also  of  the  anterior  pair  is  much  less  rounded 
in  the  former  than  in  the  latter,  while  another  character  is 
found  in  the  deep  fissuration  of  the  supraanal  plate  in  Per- 
iplaneta, which  is  almost  wholly  wanting  in  Stylopyga, 
where  it  is  squarely  docked,  instead  of  being  pointed,  as 
in  Periplaneta. 

STYLOPYGA,  FISCHER  DE  W. 

*  1.  S.  ORIENTALIS,  Fisch.  d.  W.,  Bull.  d.  Nat.  de  Mos- 
cou ;  VI.  386.  (1833.)  For  synonymy,  see  Fischer,  Orth. 
Eur. 

Seaboard  of  Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Shurtleff,  Sanborn,  S.  H. 
S.)  N.  York,  (S.  H.  S.)  Maryland,  (Uhler.)  The  pro- 
portions of  the  length  of  the  elytra  to  their  breadth  in 
this  species  and  in  Periplaneta  Americana  are  very  variable. 

PERIPLANETA,    BURMEISTER. 

*1.  P.  AMERICANA,  Burmeister,  Handb.  d.  Ent;  II.  503. 
(1838.)  For  synonymy,  see  Fischer,  Orth.  Eur. ;  to  which 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  417 

add  9  Blatta  domingensis,  Pal.  de  Beauv.,  Ins.  ;  182,  PI.  1 
b.,  fig.  4.   (1805.) 

Seaboard  of    Mass.,  (H.  Coll.)  Indiana,  (Mus.    Comp. 
ZooL)  Mexico,  (Uhler.)  Texas,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Uhler.) 


PLATAMODES,  Nov.  gen.     7r 

A  genus  more  closely  allied  to  Periplaneta  than  to  any 
other,  but  readily  distinguishable  from  it  by  its  much  nar- 
rower and  more  elongated  body,  —  the  sides  being  sub-par- 
allel to  one  another  throughout  their  whole  extent,  while 
in  Periplaneta  the  abdomen  is  much  swollen.  The  wings 
and  wing-covers  extend  beyond  the  abdomen,  the  latter 
being  well  rounded  at  the  tip.  The  supraanal  plate  is  reg- 
ularly rounded,  but  lacks  altogether  the  fissuration  seen  in 
Periplaneta  ;  but  at  the  same  time  it  is  not  squarely  docked 
as  in  Stylopyga.  The  anal  cerci  are  somewhat  shorter, 
and  not  so  flattened  as  in  Periplaneta^  while  the  anal 
styles  are  very  short  and  turned  abruptly  downwards.  In 
Periplaneta  the  sub-genital  plate  does  not  extend  so  far 
backward  as  the  supraanal.  In  Platamodes  it  extends 
backward  farther.  A  further  distinction  between  the  two 
genera  may  be  seen  at  the  inner  borders  of  the  eyes, 
which  in  Platamodes  are  nearly  parallel;  while  in  Peri- 
planeta they  approach  one  another  anteriorly.  I  have  only 
seen  males. 

1.    P.    PENNSYLVANIA. 

Blatta  Pennsylvania^  De  Geer,  Mem.  ;  III.  537.  PI.  44, 

fig.  4.  (1773.) 

«  "  Oliv.,  Enc.  Meth.  ;  II.  317.  (1791.) 

Indiana,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.)  Maryland,  (Uhler.)  5  J. 

*  2.  P.  UNICOLOR,  nov.  sp. 

Blatta  pennsylvanica,  H.  Cat.  ;  56,  (non  De  Geer.) 

Blatta  rufescens  and  bicolor?  H.  Cat.;  (non  Pal.  de 
Beauv.) 

Wings  and  wing-covers  uniform  pale  shining  reddish 
brown  ;  head  and  prothoracic  shield  nearly  the  same,  but 

JOURNAL  B.   S.   N.   H.  53  NOVEMBER,    1862. 


418  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

slightly  darker,  particularly  in  the  middle  of  the  latter ; 
abdomen  a  little  darker  above,  especially  on  the  borders  ; 
cerci  dark  brown  ;  legs,  especially  the  tibiae,  darker  than 
the  body ;  eyes  black  ;  antennas  and  palpi  brown ;  an- 
tennas reaching  backwards  to  tip  of  wing-covers.  Length 
of  body,  .25  in. ;  length  to  tip  of  wings,  .35. 

"  In  woods,  under  stones,  and  entering  houses  by  night 
in  June."  — H. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Sanborn.)  6  $ . 

ECTOBIA,    WESTWOOD. 

*  1.  E.  GERMANICA,  Stephens,  British  Entomology ;  VI. 
46.  (1835.)  For  synonymy,  see  Fisch.,  Orth.  Eur. ;  to 
which  add  Blatta  parallel^  Say  Mss.  and  H.  Cat. ;  56. 

Mass.  (H.  Coll.,  Shurtleff,  Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.)  Vt.,  (Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.)  N.  York,  Maryland,  (Uhler.) 

*2.  E.  LITHOPHILA,  Harris  Mss. 

I  have  not  seen  any  winged  individuals  of  this  species. 
Immature  specimens  are  of  an  uniform  bright  brownish 
red  upon  the  head  and  thorax,  with  the  abdomen  growing 
darker  posteriorly  and  laterally ;  the  legs  are  of  a  bright 
shining  yellow,  a  little  dusky,  with  rather  long  delicate 
spines  placed  irregularly  upon  the  edges,  the  femora 
being  tipped  with  one  slightly  curved ;  cerci  blackish ; 
eyes  black ;  palpi  dusky ;  antennas  light  brown ;  third 
joint  of  antennae  as  long  as  the  succeeding  five  taken 
together,  and  twice  as  large  as  the  second ;  in  E.  ger- 
manica  it  is  only  slightly  larger  than  either  of  the  succeed- 
ing, and  of  the  same  size  as  the  second.  Length,  .4  in. ; 
breadth,  .2  in.  An  ootheca  of  this  species  (or  so  labelled 
by  Harris),  is  similar  in  general  appearance  to  that  of  E. 
germanica,  but  is  shorter  ;  it  measures  —  Length,  .2  in. ; 
breadth,  .1  in. ;  thickness,  .07  in.  There  are  nine  trans- 
verse depressions.  "  Under  stones ;  very  common  in  woods. 
April  20,  1834."  — H. 

Mass.  (H.  Coll.,  Shurtleff,  Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.) 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  419 

*  3.    E.  FLAVOCINCTA,  HOV.  Sp. 

Prothoracic  shield  rather  dark  brown,  slightly  paler  along 
the  median  line,  bordered  throughout  with  a  pale  yellow- 
ish band,  forming  only  a  very  narrow  edge  posteriorly  ; 
broader  in  front,  and  quite  broad  at  the  sides,  covering  all 
the  deflexed  border  ;  the  edge  at  the  sides  and  in  front  is 
slightly  raised ;  wing-covers  scarcely  reaching  tip  of  ab- 
domen, reddish  brown,  with  the  anterior  half  of  the  outer 
margin  paler,  with  a  yellowish  tinge ;  wings  not  half  the 
length  of  the  wing-covers ;  abdomen  above  very  dark 
brown ;  below  dark  brown,  the  terminal  segment  being 
darkest;  legs  yellowish  brown,  with  spines  as  in  E.  liih- 
ophila  ;  head  reddish  brown  ;  sides  below  antennae  yellow- 
ish ;  eyes  black ;  antennae  dark  brown,  paler  toward  tip  ; 
third  joint  rather  larger  than  the  two  succeeding  joints, 
and  equal  in  size  to  the  second.  Length  of  body,  .56  in. 
"  In  woods,  under  a  stone." —  H. 

Mass.  (H.  Coll.)  Western  States,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 
Lake  Superior,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.)  3  specimens. 

CRYPTOCERCUS,  Nov.  gen.  (KPVTTTOS,  /cep/cos.) 

A  genus  allied  to,  but  very  distinct  from,  Polyzostceria, 
Burm.  The  head  is  not  large,  much  flattened,  front 
sloping  strongly  inwards ;  prothorax  broader  than  long, 
considerably  arched,  swollen,  with  the  front  border  ex- 
tending over  the  head  slightly  upturned  to  form  a  sort 
of  hood  ;  border  of  prothorax  thickened  in  front  con- 
siderably, at  the  sides  more  narrowly,  here  forming  a 
slightly  raised  edge,  which  extends  along  the  whole  side 
of  the  body.  Both  sexes  wingless ;  the  meso-  and  meta- 
thorax  not  so  arched  as  the  prothorax ;  the  hind  border 
of  the  mesothorax  not  turned  backwards  at  outer  angle ; 
that  of  the  metathorax  only  in  a  very  slight  degree ;  ab- 
domen not  flattened,  but  quite  full,  especially  on  posterior 
half ;  the  abdomen  slightly  longer  than  the  thorax ;  the 
segments  nearly  equal  in  width,  with  the  exception  of  the 


420  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

last  (seventh)  which  is  very  large,  triangular,  three  times 
the  width  of  the  sixth,  produced  posteriorly  to  a  blunt 
rounded  apex,  the  segment  concealing  the  abdominal  ap- 
pendages altogether ;  the  abdomen  is  a  little  longer  than 
broad,  regularly  and  but  little  rounded  at  the  sides.  The 
eyes  are  small,  reniform,  subglobose,  the  longitudinal  di- 
ameter lying  in  the  plane  of  the  head ;  no  ocellj ;  antennae 
inserted  in  a  broad  circular  depression,  and  about  half  the 
length  of  the  body ;  first  joint  twice  as  long  as  the  second, 
second  as  long  as  the  third  and  fourth,  third  as  long  as  the 
fourth  and  fifth  ;  the  terminal  joints  somewhat  moniliform, 
the  whole  profusely  covered  with  short  hairs;  third  and 
fourth  joints  of  the  maxillary  palpi  equal,  the  last  a  little 
longer,  considerably  thickened  at  the  termination.  Legs 
compactly  fitted  to  one  another  beneath  the  spreading 
sides  of  the  thoracic  segments  ;  the  femora  broad,  short, 
flattened,  smooth,  without  a  trace  of  spines,  save  one  or 
two  small  ones  at  the  tip  upon  the  hind  border,  generally 
upon  the  upper  edge  only  ;  tibiae  of  fore  legs  very  short  and 
heavy,  thickened  at  the  tip  ;  those  of  the  other  legs  sim- 
ilar in  character,  but  becoming  longer  posteriorly,  —  all 
thickly  covered  with  heavy  spines ;  tarsi  with  the  first 
and  last  joint  nearly  equal  in  length,  (on  the  anterior  pair 
the  last  is  much  the  longest)  and  equal  to  the  three  mid- 
dle joints ;  well-developed  claws,  but  with  no  pad  between 
them ;  the  abdominal  appendages  cannot  be  seen  except 
through  the  gaping  of  the  dorsal  and  ventral  shields  of  the 
seventh  segment ;  the  cylindrical  hairy  cerci  in  both  sexes 
are  so  long  as  just  to  reach  the  apex  of  the  triangular 
supraanal  plate  ;  the  styles  of  the  $  are  very  small. 

1.  C.  PUNCTULATUS,  HOV.  Sp. 

Above  of  an  uniform  dark  shining  mahogany-brown 
color,  a  little  deepest  at  the  posterior  extremity ;  beneath  a 
little  lighter,  with  a  reddish  yellow  tint,  especially  upon 
the  coxae,  and  to  be  seen  also  on  the  mouth  parts  and  the 
sockets  of  the  antennae ;  antennae  dirty  brown  ;  the  whole 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  421 

body  thickly  covered  with  punctures,  most  abundant  and 
largest  upon  the  upper  surface  of  the  seventh  segment, 
where  also  the  edges  are  raised ;  beneath  they  are  more 
distant ;  upon  the  head  they  are  minute ;  there  is  a  faintly 
impressed  median  line  along  the  thoracic  segments,  except- 
ing upon  the  hood-like  projection  of  the  prothorax  ;  the  an- 
terior half  of  the  raised  edge  of  the  sides  .of  the  prothorax 
is  externally  indistinctly  grooved  ;  the  $  is  a  little  more 
arched  upon  the  thoracic  segments  than  the  9 .  The  dor- 
sal shield  of  the  seventh  segment  is  slightly  excavated  at 
the  tip  in  both  sexes ;  and  the  ventral  shield  in  the  9  is  a 
little  indented  upon  either  side  of  the  tip.  length,  $  .8 
in. ;  9  .86  in.  Breadth  across  third  abdominal  segment, 
$  .38  in. ;  9  .36  in.  Breadth  across  mesothorax,  $  .34 
in.;  9  .30  in.  Depth  in  middle  of  abdomen,  J.13  in.; 
9  .17  in. 

$  Draper's  Valley,  Virginia,  (H.  E,  Scudder.)    9  N.  Y., 
(Uhler.)    Penn.,  (H.  Coll.)     3  specimens. 

PYCNOSCELUS,  Nov.   gen.    (TTIWOS,   cr/ccAo?.) 

A  genus  allied  to  the  preceding,  the  males  of  which  are 
wingless.     I  have  no  specimens  of  the  female. 

Head  as  in  Cryptocercus^  but  proportionally  larger ; 
thoracic  segments,  and  especially  prothorax,  very  much 
arched,  so  as  to  form  nearly  a  semicircle ;  prothorax  only 
a  little  broader  than  long;  the  hind  edge  straight;  the 
edge  of  the  front  and  sides  as  well  as  the  sides  of  the  £ 
meso-  and  metathorax  turned  upwards  very  slightly,  form- 
ing a  delicate  rim  ;  the  hind  border  of  the  meso-  and  meta- 
thorax is  curved  backwards  a  little  at  the  outer  angle ; 
wings  entirely  wanting ;  the  abdomen  is  very  much  ex- 
panded and  flattened  to  a  thin  sheet  posteriorly,  so  as  to 
show  no  arching  whatever ;  the  segments  narrow  very 
rapidly  towards  the  extremity,  so  that  the  hind  curve  is 
very  broad  and  regular ;  the  abdomen  is  half  as  broad 


422  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

again  as  long,  and  only  equals  in  length  the  pro-  and 
mesothorax  together;  hind  edge  of  the  seventh  segment 
straight,  but  curved  backwards  somewhat  at  the  outer 
angle  ;  segments  nearly  uniform  in  length  along  the  median 
line.  The  eyes  are  of  moderate  size,  uniform  with  the 
surface  of  the  head,  nearer  to  one  another  than  in  Crypto- 
cercus,  pyriform,'the  broadest  portions  toward  one  another, 
the  longitudinal  diameter  lying  in  the  plane  of  the  head ; 
the  antennae  are  slender,  not  exceeding  half  the  length  of 
the  body;  the  first  joint  not  large,  swollen  at  tip,  and 
twice  as  long  as  the  second,  which  with  the  succeeding  is 
cylindrical ;  the  third  is  as  long  as  the  first,  and  equals  the 
succeeding  four  in  size;  all  the  joints  are  covered  with 
very  short  hairs  ;  the  thoracic  segments  much  hollowed 
below,  giving  space  for  the  legs,  which  may  be  packed  so 
closely  as  not  to  appear  above  the  plane  which  unites  the 
edges  of  the  segments.  Legs  similar  in  every  respect  to 
those  of  Cryptocercus,  except  that  the  tibiaB  are  more  flat- 
tened ;  and  there  is  a  distinct  though  small  pad  between  the 
claws.  The  supraanal  and  the  subgenital  plates,  which  are 
exactly  similar  in  character,  are  thrice  as  broad  as  long, 
regularly  curved  behind,  with  a  slight  fissuration  in  the 
middle,  making  them  slightly  bilobed ;  the  cerci  are  very 
small  but  stout,  pointed,  flattened,  with  a  medial  ridge, 
nearly  as  broad  at  base  as  long,  smooth,  without  trace  of 
annulation  ;  the  styles  are  slender,  cylindrical,  bluntly 
pointed,  of  about  the  length  of  the  cerci  and  inserted  just 
within  them. 

*  1.  P.  OBSCURUS,  nov.  sp. 

Of  an  uniform  reddish  brown  above  and  below,  shining 
upon  the  whole  surface  with  the  exception  of  the  upper 
surface  of  the  abdominal  segments  succeeding  the  third ; 
head,  thorax,  and  first  three  abdominal  segments  above 
with  minute  and  distant  punctures ;  upon  the  dulled  sur- 
face these  are  exchanged  for  minute  raised  points,  irreg- 


of  the  North  American   Orthoptera.  423 

ularly  scattered  over  the  general  surface,  becoming  larger 
and  bead-like  upon  the  posterior  borders  of  the  segments, 
where  they  are  equi-distant;  these  last  are  also  found  upon 
the  posterior  border  of  the  third  segment ;  a  very  faintly 
impressed  median  line  upon  the  prothorax  ;  the  eyes  are 
black ;  the  antennae  dusky  brown ;  the  parts  of  the  mouth 
yellowish  brown ;  the  legs  the  same,  with  a  reddish  tinge ; 
the  segments  of  the  abdomen  beneath  have  no  punctures. 
Length,  .46  in. ;  length  of  abdomen,  .19  in.  Breadth  at 
hind  border  of  prothorax,  .19  in. ;  breadth  at  fourth  ab- 
dominal segment,  .29  in. ;  length  of  cerci,  .015  in. 

Greenfield,  Mass.,  (Sanborn.)    "  In  woods,  under  stones." 
1  specimen. 

PHASMJDA,  Leach. 

DIAPHEROMERA,  GRAY. 
*1.    D.    FEMORATA. 

Spectrum  femoratum.    Say,    App.  Long's  Second  Expe- 
dition ;  297.  (1824.) 
«               "               Say,  Am.  Ent. ;  III.  pi.  37.    (1828.) 
"               "               Say,  Ent.    of   N.   Am.      (Ed.    Le 
Conte.)     I.  82, 197.  (1859.) 
"               "               Harris,  Cat  Ins.  Mass.;  56,  (1835.) 
Diapheromera    Sayi,    Gray,  Synopsis  of  Phasmida?;  18. 

(1835.) 

"         Serville,  Hist.  Nat.  d.  Orth.;  247. 

(1839.) 

"  "         Charp.,  Orth.  Descr.  et  Depict. ;  PI.  6. 

(1841.) 

Westw.,    Brit.    Mus.    Cat.,    Orth., 
Part  I.  Phasmida3 ;  20.       (1859.) 

Bacteria  (Bacunculus)  Sayi,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent;   II. 

566.  (1838.) 

"  "  "      Burm.,  Zeitschr.  f.  Ent. ;  II. 

39.  (1840.) 


424  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

Bacteria  femorata,  Haldeman  in  Icon.  Encyc.  (1857.) 

Bacunculus  femoratus^  Uhler  in  Harris,   Inj.  Ins.,  3d  ed. ; 

146.  (1861.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.)  N.  H.,  (H.  Coll.) 
Illinois,  (Uhler.)  Red  River  Settlements,  British  America, 
(S.  H.  S.)  Nebraska,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 

GRYLLTDES,  Latreille. 
TRIDACTYLUS,  OLIVIER. 

The  fact  that  this  name  is  inapplicable  in  its  significa- 
tion to  some  of  the  species  contained  in  it,  is  no  valid  rea- 
son for  its  disuse  ;  and  even  should  it  be  so  considered,  the 
name  Heteropus  proposed  as  early  as  1805  by  Palisot  de 
Beauvais,  must  supersede  that  of  Xya>  so  commonly  in 
use,  which  was  not  proposed  till  four  years  later.  If, 
however,  the  species  having  but  two  of  the  slender  appen- 
dages at  the  termination  of  the  posterior  tibiae  should  be 
found  to  differ  generically  from  those  having  three,  Tri- 
dactylus  would  have  to  be  retained  for  the  latter,  with 
Heteropus  as  a  synonym  ;  and  Xya  should  be  applied  to 
the  former.  That  this  may  yet  be  found  to  be  the  truth, 
is  indicated  still  further  by  the  fact  that  the  three-fingered 
species  found  in  this  country  have  a  peculiar  conformation 
of  the  anterior  tibiae,  which,  however,  is  a  feature  of  the 
structure  of  the  male  alone,  —  a  fact  for  which  I  am  in- 
debted to  the  scrutiny  and  kind  communication  of  Mr. 
Uhler;  this  peculiarity  is  a  lateral  projection  of  an  ad- 
uncate appendage  inwards  at  the  base,  to  the  extremity  of 
which,  beside  the  hook,  the  tarsi  are  attached.  As  a  fig- 
ure will  explain  much  better  than  any  description  I  can 
give  the  form  of  these  parts,  I  have  drawn  the  anterior 
tibiae  and  tarsi  of  T.  apicalis.  Say  <£.  In  the  two 
species  (T.  apicalis,  Say,  and  T.  terminalis,  Uhl.) 
which  show  this  character,  a  further  difference  is  to 
be  seen  between  the  males  and  females,  in  the  more 
swollen  prothorax  of  the  former. 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  425 

1.      T.    APICALIS,  Say,   Journ.    Acad.  Nat.    Sc.    Phil. ; 
IV.  310.     (Fig.  1.)  (1825.) 

T.  apicalis^    Say,    Ent.    of    N.    Am.    (ed.    Le    Conte)  ; 
II.  239.  (1859.) 

Xya  apicalis,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;  II.  742.       (1838.) 

This  is  our  largest  species,  the  length  of  the  body  being 
fully  one  third  of  an  inch  in  both  sexes,  and  of  a  lighter 
color  than  the  other  species.  I  suspect  that  Say  had  speci- 
mens both  of  this  and  T.  terminalis,  Uhl.,  and  confounded 
them  together ;  his  description  applies  best  to  this,  while 
he  endeavored  to  include  them  both  when  he  said,  "  length, 
more  than  one  fifth  of  an  inch." 

Alabama,  Prof.  Hentz,  (H.  Coll.)  Kentucky,  Mr.  J.  P. 
Wild,  (Uhler.)  2  £,1  9. 

*2.  T.  TERMINALIS,  Uhler  Mss. 

This  species  is  darker  than  T.  apicalis^  the  head  and 
thorax  being  sometimes  pitchy  black,  at  others  showing 
upon  these  parts  reddish  brown  spots  similarly  disposed  to 
those  upon  T.  apicalis  ;  —  the  two  broad  transverse  fasciae 
and  the  terminal  spot  upon  the  outside  of  posterior  femora, 
which  are  only  faintly  indicated  in  T.  apicalis,  are  here 
black  and  very  distinct ;  the  wings  reach  only  the  tip  of 
the  abdomen,  while  in  the  males  of  T.  apicalis  they  extend 
considerably  beyond  it ;  it  is  a  much  smaller  species  than 
the  preceding,  and  occupies  a  more  northern  area.  Length 
from  .25  to  .30  inches. 

Cambridge,  Mass.,  May  20,  (H.  Coll.)  Maryland, 
(Uhler.)  So.  Illinois,  (Thomas,  Uhler.)  1  <?,  6  ?  . 

3.  T.  MINUTUS,  nov.  sp. 

This  species  resembles  T.  terminalis  very  much  in  its 
markings  and  coloration ;  but  it  is  in  general  darker,  and  the 
markings  are  more  distinct.  The  middle  femora  and  tibiae, 
and  the  posterior  femora  are  very  dark  with  narrow  white 
bands,  sometimes  broken ;  the  segments  of  the  abdomen 
are  bordered  with  white  posteriorly  ;  the  wings  in  the  only 

JOURNAL  B.  S.  N.  H.  54  NOVEMBER,  1862. 


426  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

mature  individual  I  have  seen  extend  a  little  beyond  the 
extremity  of  the  abdomen.  There  are  but  two  terminal 
appendages  of  the  posterior  tibiae ;  the  males  want  the 
aduncate  lateral  appendage  of  the  anterior  tibiae.  Length, 
.14  to  .16  inches. 

So.  Illinois,  (Thomas,  Uhler.)     4  g. 

GKYLLOTALPA,  LATREILLE. 

Curtilla,  Oken,  Lehrbuch  d.  Naturgesch. ;    III.  I.  445 

(1815.) 

*1.    G.   BOREALIS,    Burm.,   Handb.    d.    Ent. ;   II.   740. 

(1838.) 

G.  brevipennis,  Serv.,  Hist.  Nat.  d.  Orth. ;  308.      (1839.) 
"  "  Harr.,   Report,    3d    ed. ;     149,   fig.    68. 

(1862.) 

G.  Americana,  Say  Mssv  and  Harr.,  Cat.   Ins.  Mass. ; 
56.  (1835.) 

"  Sides  of  pond,  burrowing  in  moist  earth,  June,  July, 
Sept."  —  H. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Sanborn.)  Island  of  Nantucket,  (Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.)  Vermont,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 

*  2.    G.  LONGIPENNIS,    nOV.    Sp. 

Figured  in  Catesby,  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Car. ;  I.  pi.  8. 

This  species  does  not  differ  in  any  respect  from  G.  bore- 
alls,  save  in  the  greater  size  and  comparatively  greater 
breadth  of  the  wing-covers,  which  cover  rather  more  than 
half  the  abdomen,  and  in  the  much  greater  length  of  the 
wings,  which  extend  considerably  beyond  the  extremity  of 
the  abdomen ;  there  is  a  very  slight  difference  in  some  of 
the  prominences  of  the  anterior  trochanters  ;  in  coloration 
and  general  proportions  and  absolute  size  it  does  not  differ 
from  the  preceding ;  it  has  much  the  general  appearance  of 
G.  hexadactyla,  Perty,  from  which  it  differs  in  being  some- 
what stouter,  in  having  the  teeth  of  the  anterior  tarsi  long 
and  slender,  and  in  that  the  ocelli  are  oval  and  not  subro- 
tund.  Length,  1.33  inches. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.)     Maryland,  (Uhler.)   2  specimens. 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  427 

GRYLLUS,  LINNAEUS. 

*1.  G.   LUCTUOSUS,   Serv.,  Hist.  Nat.  d.  Orthop. ;  335. 

(1839.) 

This  species  is  readily  distinguished  from  all  other  N. 
England  species,  by  the  great  length  of  the  wings,  which, 
surpassing  in  length  the  wing-covers,  hang  over  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  abdomen  ;  contrary  to  the  supposition  of 
Serville,  this  is  true  of  the  male  as  well  as  of  the  female. 

Length  of  ovipositor  in  seven  individuals,  .29-.39  in., 
average  .35  in.,  length  of  hind  femora,  .20-.245  in., 
average,  .225  in. 

Mass.,  (Agassiz,  Shurtleff,  S.  H.  S.)  Cape  Cod,  (San- 
born.)  N.  Hampshire,  (Miss  Edmands.) 

*  2.    G.  ABBREVIATUS,  Serv.,  Hist.  Nat.  d.  Orth. ;   336. 

(1839.) 

Acheta  tripunctata,  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ;  56.      (1835.) 

Acheta  abbreviate  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;   152.  fig.  69. 

(1862.) 

This  and  G.  luctuosus,  Serv.  are  our  largest  species  ;  it  is 
remarkable  for  the  great  length  of  the  ovipositor  of  the 
female  ;  the  wing-covers  are  generally  dark,  bordered  with 
light  brown,  though  sometimes  they  are  quite  pale  through- 
out ;  they  generally  quite  cover  the  abdomen.  I  have  never 
seen  this  species  north  of  Cape  Cod,  and  am  inclined  to 
think  it  a  more  southern  form,  the  insect  fauna  of  Cape 
Cod  being  closely  allied  in  character  to  that  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Length  of  ovipositor  in  seventeen  individuals,  .34-.42 
in.,  average,  .37  in.;  length  of  hind  femora,  .21-.23  in., 
average  .22  in. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Agassiz.)  Cape  Cod,  (Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.) 
Maryland,  (Uhler.)  The  specimen  marked  A.  abbreviata 
$  in  Harris's  collection  belongs  to  his  A.  nigra. 

*  3.  G.  ANGUSTUS,  nov.  sp. 

This   species   is   most  closely  allied  to  G.  abbreviates , 


428  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

Serv.,  but  differs  from  it  very  distinguishably  in  its  much 
greater  slenderness  ;  in  the  relative  proportions  of  the  length 
of  hind  femora  and  ovipositor  of  the  females,  it  agrees  with 
G.  abbreviatus,  but  the  latter  is  a  heavy,  clumsy  species ; 
in  G.  abbreviatus  the  breadth  of  the  body  is  contained  in 
the  length  about  three  times  ;  in  G.  angustus  about  four 
times;  in  coloration  it  does  not  differ  from  G.  abbreviatus; 
it  seems  to  be  quite  a  rare  species. 

Length  of  ovipositor  .30-.34  in.,  average,  .32  in. ;  length 
of  hind  femora,  .18-.20  in.,  average,  .19  in. 

Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  Cape  Cod,  (S.  H.  S.)  3  9 . 

*4.  G.  NEGLECTUS,  nov.  sp. 

This  is  our  most  common  species,  and  probably  the  one 
which  Harris  intended  to  describe  in  mentioning  G.  nigra, 
but  the  specimens  in  his  cabinet  marked  "  unique  "  show 
his  nigra  to  be  another  species.  The  head,  thorax,  and 
body,  as  well  as  the  hind  femora,  are  pitchy  black,  the  elytra 
of  both  $  and  9  are  dark,  sometimes  jet  black,  but  fre- 
quently of  quite  a  light  ochraceous  brown  ;  indeed,  the 
elytra  of  almost  all  our  species  vary  to  this  extent  in  color- 
ation ;  the  elytra  of  the  females  generally  cover  about  two 
thirds  of  the  abdomen,  although  sometimes  they  entirely 
conceal  it ;  those  of  the  males  extend  to  the  extremity  of 
the  abdomen ;  the  ovipositor  in  this  species  is  proportion- 
ally shorter  than  in  either  of  the  preceding  species,  and  is 
also  a  smaller  species  than  any  of  the  preceding. 

Length  averaging  a  little  more  than  half  an  inch  ;  length 
of  ovipositor  in  nine  individuals  .23-.32  in.,  average  .28  in. ; 
length  of  hind  femora.  .16-.21  in.,  average,  -20  in. 

Mass.,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Miss  Edmands,  Sanborn, 
S.  H.  S.)  Cape  Cod,  (Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.) 

*  5.    G.   NIGER. 

Acheta  nigra,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  152.  (1862.) 

This  species  agrees  in  size  with  G.  neglectus,  but  differs 

from  it  in  the  much  shorter  ovipositor,  which  is  shorter  in 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  429 

this  species  than  in  any  other.  A  single  female  is  the 
only  remaining  type  of  Harris's  nigra.  The  specimen 
marked  A.  abbreviata  $  in  the  Harris  collection,  is  a  $  of 
this  species  j  it  does  not  differ  materially  from  G.  neglec- 
tus  in  coloration,  being  generally  not  so  dark,  with  more 
or  less  reddish  hind  femora,  while  it  has  the  wing-covers 
somewhat  longer  than  there;  it  seems  to  be  our  rarest 
species. 

Length  of  ovipositor  in  two  individuals,  .23-.2G  in., 
average,  .245  in. ;  length  of  hind  femora,  .21-.23  in.,  aver- 
age .22  in.  2  <J,  2  9. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  S.  H.  S.) 

Neither  of  these  two  latter  species  can  be  referred  to  G. 
Pennsylvanicus,  Burm.,  which  I  have  received  from  Mary- 
land through  Mr.  Uhler.  G.  Pennsylvanicus  agrees  with 
G.  nigra  in  the  length  of  the  ovipositor  of  the  female,  but 
it  differs  from  it  in  the  shortness  and  form  of  the  wing- 
covers,  as  well  as  in  their  color  and  that  of  the  legs,  in 
which  characters  it  agrees  well  with  G.  neglectus,  with 
which  it  cannot  be  associated  on  account  of  the  short- 
ness of  the  ovipositor.  I  have  another  species,  smaller  than 
any  here  mentioned,  which  I  took  in  Minnesota,  which  has 
a  very  long  ovipositor,  and  also  some  quite  peculiar  forms 
from  southern  Illinois,  received  from  Mr.  Thomas,  but  I 
reserve  their  description  till  the  reception  of  more  speci- 
mens. The  males  of  all  these  species  are  very  difficult  to 
distinguish  ;  indeed,  it  cannot  be  done  satisfactorily  with- 
out a  large  number  of  specimens ;  —  the  study  of  this  genus 
is  certainly  a  very  perplexing  one. 

NEMOBIUS,  SERVILLE. 
1.    N.   EXIGUUS. 

Acheta  exigua.  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil. ;  IV.  309. 

(1825.) 

«  «         Say,   Ent.    of    N.    America    (Ed.    Le 

Conte) ;  I.  238.  (1859.) 


430  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

St.  Louis,  Missouri,  (S.  H.  S.)     Minnesota,  (S.  H.  S.) 

*  2.  N.  VITTATUS,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  152.        (1862.) 
Acheta  servilis,  Say  Mss.,  and  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass.; 

56.  (1835.) 

This  species  differs  from  the  preceding  in  being  of  a 

darker  color,  and  in  having  the  hind  femora  somewhat 

ferruginous,  besides  that  the  wing-covers  differ  somewhat 

in  their  markings. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,   Miss  Edmands,   Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.) 

Maine,  (Packard.)   Conn.,  (S.  H.  S.) 

*  3.    N.  FASCIATUS. 

Gryllus  fasciatus,  De  Geer,  Mem. ;  III.  522,  pi.  43, 
fig.  5.  (1773.) 

Acheta  hospes,  Fabr.,  Syst.  Ent. ;  281.  (1775.) 

"  "  Fabr.,  Spec.  Ins. ;  I.  355.  (1781.) 

"  "  Fabr.,  Mant.  Ins.;  1. 232.  (1787.) 

«  «  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst. ;  II.  32.  (1793.) 

Gryllus  hospes,  Oliv.,  Enc.  Meth. ;  IV.  636.          (1791.) 

This  species,  except  in  the  length  of  wings  and  wing- 
covers,  is  very  similar  to  N.  exiguus ;  it  is  somewhat 
larger,  and  has  the  terminal  half  of  the  last  joint  of  max- 
illary palpi,  black ;  the  elytra  in  both  sexes  are  light 
brown,  with  the  veins  darker,  especially  in  the  female,  and 
extending  to  the  extremity  of  the  body  ;  the  wings  in 
both  sexes  are  as  long  again  as  the  body,  and  the  oviposi- 
tor of  the  female  is  so  long  as  nearly  to  reach  their  tip. 
Length  of  ovipositor,  .25  in.  4  specimens. 

Mass.,  (Shurtleff,  "  flying  against  windows  at  night. 
Aug.  14.")  Delphi,  Indiana,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.)  Charles- 
ton, S.  C.,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 

I  have  but  little  doubt  that  this  species  is  identical  with 
De  Geer's  G.  fasciatus^  notwithstanding  the  somewhat 
greater  size  of  his  figure.  But  if  I  have  been  mistaken  in 
this  reference,  I  shall  not  have  committed  so  grievous  an 
error  as  Dr.  Fitch  has  done  (3d  Report  on  Noxious  Ins.  of 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  431 

N.  Y.  132),  in  referring  it  to  the  genus  (Ecanthus  >  blam- 
ing Harris  for  a  mistake  never  made  by  him,  (see  below, 
under  (Ecanthus  niveus^  p.  432,)  who,  he  says,  "  was  evi- 
dently unacquainted  with  the  work  of  De  Geer  and  the 
characters  he  assigns  to  these  insects,  or  he  would  have 
been  aware  of  his  error,  the  marks  by  which  this  species 
is  distinguished  being  so  plain,  and  so  explicitly  stated  by 
that  author."  How  was  it  possible  for  so  acute  an  ob- 
server as  Dr.  Fitch  to  overlook  the  close  resemblance 
between  De  Geer's  figure  (save  in  the  length  of  the  wings), 
and  our  common  Nemobius  vittatus,  Harr.,  and  refer  the 
species  to  (Ecanthus^  especially  when  (Ecanthi  of  the 
same  sex  are  figured  upon  the  same  plate !  Moreover,  is 
it  not  "  explicitly  stated  by  that  author,"  in  his  description 
of  G.  fasciatus,  that  the  posterior  femora  are  stout  and 
very  wide,  that  the  tibias  of  the  same  pair  have  long 
spines,  and  that  the  head  and  thorax  are  more  hairy  than 
ordinarily  ?  Are  these  characters  of  (Ecanthus^  or  of  Ne- 
mobius and  Gryllus?  Burmeister  has  already  intimated 
that  the  relations  of  this  very  species  are  with  Gryllus 
rather  than  with  (Ecanthus.  (Burm.,  Handb.  II.  733.) 

(ECANTHUS,  SERVILLE. 

*  1.  CE.  NIVEUS,  Serv.,  Ann.  Sc.  Nat. ;  XXII.  135.  (1831.) 

(Ecanthus  niveus,  Serv.,  Hist.  Nat.  d.  Orth. ;  361.   (1839.) 

"  «        Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ;  56.        (1835.) 

"  "        Harr.,  Report,  3d  e.d. ;   154,  figs.  71, 

72.  (1862.) 

"  "        Fitch,  3d  Report,  Noxious  Ins.  N.  Y. ; 

131.  (1856.) 

Gryllus  niveus,  De  Geer,  Mern. ;  III.  522,  pi.  43,  fig.  6. 

(1773.) 

«  «        Oliv.,  Enc.  Meth. ;   IV.  637.         (1791.) 

(Ecanthus  cylindricus,    Say  Mss.,  and  Harr.,    Cat.    Ins. 

Mass. ;  56.  (1835.) 


432  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

(Ecanthus  fasciatus.  Fitch,  3d  Report,  Noxious  Ins. 
N.  Y. ;  132  (omitting  reference).  (1856.) 

Not  only  do  individuals  of  this  species  differ  from  one 
another,  as  Fitch  mentions  in  his  distinctions  between  (E. 
niveus  and  (E.  fasciatus,  but  even  to  a  much  greater  extent, 
some  males  having  three  branches  of  the  "  fiddle-bow," 
and  some  even  five,  while  they  take  their  origin  and  ter- 
mination at  very  different  points  in  different  individuals, 
and  vary  besides  very  much  in  coloration,  many  individ- 
uals being  met  with  of  quite  a  dark  color,  especially  upon 
the  abdomen  and  legs.  These  all  belong,  however,  to  one 
species,  no  differences  being  discoverable  upon  which  true 
natural  groups  can  be  founded  ;  nor  are  there  any  such 
concomitant  characters  among  them  as  Fitch  asserts ; 
neither  did  Harris  make  any  such  blunder  as  to  have  mis- 
understood the  sexes  in  this^  genus  as  is  alleged  by  him. 
It  would  be  strange  indeed  if  an  entomologist  were  not 
acquainted  with  the  very  apparent  differences  existing 
between  them  in  the  prolonged  ovipositor  of  the  female, 
and  peculiar  structure  of  the  wing-covers  in  the  male. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Miss  Edmands,  Sanborn,  Shurtleff, 
S.  H.  S.)  Conn.,  (Norton,  S.  H.  S.) 

I  have  never  met  with  Gryllus  bipunctatus,  De  Geer, 
which  Fitch  refers  to  under  the  name  of  (E.  punctulatus. 
(3d  Rep.  133). 

LOCUSTARI^3,    Latreille. 

In  a  paper  OH  the  genus  Raphidophora,  (Proc.  Bost. 
Soc.  Nat.  Hist. ;  VIII.  6,)  I  enumerated  the  known  species 
inhabiting  the  United  States,  amounting  in  all  to  three, 
and  added  to  them  descriptions  of  four  others.  Since 
then  I  have  had  an  opportunity  of  examining  many  other 
species  from  various  parts  of  the  country,  through  the 
kindness  of  Mr.  Uhler,  arid  have  made  a  study  of  others 
in  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  so  that  the  num- 
ber of  species  is  found  to  be  very  considerable,  and  to 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  433 

form  quite  a  distinct  feature  of  the  North  American 
Orthopteran  fauna.  I  was  able  to  show  there  that  R. 
xanthostomd)  Scudd.  should  not  be  united  in  the  same 
genus  with  the  others,  and  that  R.  subterranea,  Scudd.  had 
features  in  its  structure  which  lacked  conformity  with  those 
possessed  by  other  members  of  the  genus.  A  closer  and 
more  extended  study  has  convinced  me  that  there  are 
here  three  well-marked  genera,  and  that  no  one  of  them 
can  properly  be  referred  to  Rhaphidophora.  Ceuthophilus 
may  be  applied  to  the  more  abundant  forms,  living  in 
concealment  under  stones,  with  which  must  be  associated 
R.  stygia,  Scudd.,  found  in  the  shallow  Hickman's  Cave ; 
of  this  genus  I  am  acquainted  with  no  less  than  twelve 
species,  besides  one  which  I  have  not  seen,  Phal.  scabripes, 
Hald.,  undoubtedly  belonging  here.  Under  the  genus 
Hadenoecus  we  may  place  R.  subterranea,  Scudd.,  restricted 
to  the  deep  caves  of  Kentucky,  while  Tropidischia  is  pro- 
posed for  the  genus  under  which  R.  xanthostoma^  Scudd. 
of  California,  should  be  placed. 

CEUTHOPHILUS,  Nov.  gen.     (mtfof,  <j>ttog). 

Head  rather  large,  oval;  antennas  long,  slender,  cylin- 
drical ;  first  joint  as  broad  as  long,  larger  and  stouter  than 
the  rest,  which  are  about  equal  in  thickness,  gradually 
tapering  to  the  extremity;  second  quite  short;  third  long- 
est; the  remainder  unequal.  Eyes  subpyriform,  subglo- 
bose,  crowded  against  the  first  swollen  joint  of  antennas. 
Maxillary  palpi  long  and  slender;  first  two  joints  equal, 
smallest;  third  fully  equal  in  length  to  first  and  second 
together ;  fourth  three-fourths  as  long  as  third  ;  fifth  nearly 
as  long  as  third  and  fourth  together,  somewhat  curved, 
swollen  towards  extremity,  split  on  the  under  side  almost 
its  entire  length.  Sides  of  the  thoracic  nota  broad,  mostly 
concealing  the  epimera ;  wings  wanting ;  legs  rather  long ; 
coxae  carinated  externally,  the  third  pair  but  slightly,  the 

JOURNAL  B.    S.   N.   H.  55  NOVEMBER,   1862. 


434  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

first  pair  having  the  carina  elevated  into  a  sharp,  the  sec- 
ond into  a  dull,  point  at  the  middle ;  first  two  pair  of 
femora  mostly  wanting  spines ;  hind  femora  thick  and 
heavy,  turned  inward  at  the  base,  channelled  beneath. 
Ovipositor  generally  rather  long,  nearly  straight,  but  a 
little  concave  above,  rounded  off  somewhat  abruptly  at 
the  extremity  to  the  sharp,  upturned  point. 

This  genus  differs  from  Rhapidophora  in  the  much 
shorter  legs,  in  the  comparative  length  of  the  joints  of  the 
maxillary  palpi,  in  wanting  the  terminal  spines  of  the  first 
two  pair  of  femora,  and  the  unusual  development  of  the 
terminal  spines  of  posterior  tibiae,  as  also  those  upon  the 
first  tarsal  joints,  in  the  non-compressed  joints  of  the  tarsi, 
and  the  shortness  of  the  cerci. 

*1.    C.    MACULATUS. 

Ephippigera  maculata,  Say  Mss.,  and  Harr.   Cat.   Ins. 

Mass. ;  56.  (1835.) 

Raphidophora   maculata,    Harr.,    Report,  1st   ed. ;    126. 

(1841.) 

Phalangopsis  maculata,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  155,  fig. 

73.  (1862.) 

Phalangopsis  lapidicola,  Burm.,  teste  Erichson,  Archiv.  f. 
Nat. ;  9.227,  (see  No.  3.)  (1843.) 

Raphidophora  lapidicola^  (pars)  Scudd.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc. 

Nat.  Hist. ;  VIII.  7.        (1861.) 

(Not  Phalangopsis  lapidicola^  Burm.) 

This  species  has  the  posterior  tibiae  of  the  male  waved 

at  the  base  in  mature  individuals,  —  which  is  true  of  this 

species  only. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Agassiz,  Shurtleff,  Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.) 
Vermont,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.)  Norway,  Maine,  (Verrill.) 
Cape  Elizabeth,  Maine,  (Morse.)  Anticosti,  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  (Verrill.) 

*2.   C.  BREVIPES,  nov.  sp. 

A  species  very  closely  allied  to  the  preceding,  but  of  a 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  435 

smaller  size,  and  differing  from  it  in  its  markings  and  pro- 
portions. It  is  of  a  pale:  dull,  brown  color,  very  profusely 
spotted  with  dirty  white  spots,  not  so  large  or  so  fre- 
quently confluent  as  in  C.  maculatus,  except  near  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  hind  femora,  where  they  nearly  form  an 
annulation.  The  mottling  of  the  pronotum  is  somewhat 
different  than  in  C.  maculatus ;  the  hind  legs  are  propor- 
tionably  shorter,  as  is  also  the  ovipositor,  the  spines  of 
whose  inner  valves  are  duller. 

Length  scarcely  more  than  half  an  inch ;  average  length 
of  hind  femora,  .44  inch  ;  average  length  of  ovipositor,  .25 
inch;  2  £  6  9. 

Grand  Manan  Is.,  Maine,  (Verrill.) 

3.  C.  LAPIDICOLUS. 

Phalangopsis  lapidicola^  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;  II.  723. 

(1838.) 

Eaphidophora  lapidicola,  Burm.,  Germ.  Zeitsch.  f.  Ent. ; 

II.  72.  (1840.) 

"  «  (pars)  Scudd.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc. 

Nat.  Hist. ;  VIII.  7.     (1861.) 

This  species  is  very  closely  allied  to  C.  maculatus^  differ- 
ing from  it  in  style  of  mottling  of  the  upper  surface,  and 
in  that  the  males  do  not  have  the  posterior  tibiae  waved. 
Since  there  are  two  species,  (this  and  the  following,) 
which  both  correspond  to  the  description  of  Burmeister's 
lapidicola,  I  have  chosen  to  apply  his  name  to  that 
one,  of  which  a  specimen  is  to  be  found  in  the  Cam- 
bridge Museum,  labelled  thus  by  Mr.  Haldeman  some 
years  since.  I  had  not  seen  it  or  any  southern  species 
previous  to  the  publication  of  my  paper  on  Raphidophora. 
4  $  3  9. 

Maryland,  (Uhler.)  Pennsylvania,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 
Georgia,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 

4.  C.  UHLERI,  nov.  sp. 

This  species  also  is  closely  allied  to  all  the  preceding, 


436  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

but  especially  to  C.  lapidicolus,  from  which,  however,  it 
differs  in  its  markings  more  than  C.  lapidicolus  does  from 
C.  maculatus.  The  ground-color  is  reddish  brown,  and  the 
spots  which  make  up  the  mottling  are  distributed  more 
regularly  than  in  the  preceding.  It  differs  from  it  further 
in  the  greater  length  of  the  antennae,  and  in  the  presence 
of  spines  upon  the  under  side  of  the  hind  femora ;  these 
are  spined  both  upon  the  inner  and  outer  edge,  those  of 
the  inner  edge  being  minute,  regularly  arranged,  and  of 
equal  size,  while  those  of  the  outer  edge  to  the  number  of 
5-8  only,  are  much  larger,  longer,  of  unequal  length,  and 
irregularly  arranged.  As  the  only  female  I  have  seen 
wants  the  hind  femora,  I  cannot  tell  whether  the  males 
and  females  differ  in  the  character  of  these  spines  as  is  the 
case  in  some  species.  The  hind  legs  of  this  species  are 
proportionally  longer  than  in  any  previously  mentioned. 

Average  length  of  body  .65  inches ;  average  length  hind 
femora  .70  inches ;  length  of  antennae  about  l£  inches ; 
length  of  ovipositor  .35.  3^19. 

Maryland,  (Uhler.) 

5.  C.  SCABRIPES. 

Phalangopsis  scabripes,  Hald.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil. ; 

VI.  364.  (1853.) 

Raphidophora  scabripes,  Scudd.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat. 

Hist.;  VIII.  7.  (1861.) 

This  is  the  only  described  species  of  the  genus  which 
I  have  not  seen.     The  darker  portions  of  the  hind  femora 
of  all  the  species  have  scabrous  surfaces. 
Alabama,  (teste  Haldeman.) 

6.  C.  DIVERGENS,  HOV.    Sp. 

A  species  recalling  C.  lapidicola  by  its  coloration  and 
markings,  which  in  general  appearance  it  much  resembles, 
but  from  which,  as  from  all  others  I  know,  it  may  be  dis- 
tinguished by  the  peculiar  disposition  of  the  spines  upon 
the  posterior  tibiae,  which,  in  addition  to  the  row  of  min- 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  437 

ute  crowded  spines  directed  downward  which  all  have 
upon  either  edge  of  the  under-side,  have  also  five  spines 
of  a  peculiar  character  placed  in  each  of  these  rows  ;  they 
are  quite  long,  placed  at  regular  distances  from  one 
another,  from  the  tip  of  the  tibiae  to  near  its  base,  those 
upon  either  row  alternating  with  one  another,  and  directed 
in  almost  exactly  opposite  directions  ;  they  do  not  point 
backwards  at  the  same  angle  with  the  others,  but  are  turned 
outwards  nearly  at  right  angles  to  the  tibise ;  the  tibiae  of 
the  other  legs  also  partake  of  this  character  to  some  extent ; 
—  in  this  species  the  spines  of  the  posterior  femora  are 
altogether  wanting  in  the  female,  while  the  male  has 
spines  similar  to  those  of  C.  Uhleri.  Antennae  quite 
long  ;  hind  femora  in  male  stouter  than  in  female. 

Length  of  body,  .45-.60  in.;  hind  femora,  .25-.30  in. ; 
antennae,  1.5-2  inches.  1  <£  2  9. 

Nebraska,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 

7.  C.  LATENS,  nov.  sp. 

Pale  yellowish  brown,  with  darker  streaks  upon  the 
hind  femora  and  two  broad  bands  of  dark  reddish  brown 
along  the  whole  dorsum,  extending  half-way  down  the 
sides,  dotted  irregularly  with  brownish  yellow  spots  most 
profusely  on  the  abdomen,  and  separated  from  one  an- 
other by  a  narrow,  irregular  band  of  the  same  color ;  head 
above,  reddish  brown  ;  below,  yellowish  brown ;  tips  of 
the  femora  dark ;  no  spines  upon  the  under-side  of  the 
hind  femora.  The  hind  femora  are  thick  and  stout,  and 
the  whole  hind  leg  shorter  than  in  most  of  the  species. 
The  ovipositor  is  shorter  than  usual  in  this  species,  though 
not  nearly  so  short  as  in  C.  californianus. 

Length  of  body,  .65  in. ;  of  hind  femora,  .5  in. ;  of 
ovipositor,  .27  in.  1  9  (antennae  broken). 

Illinois,  (Uhler.) 

8.  C.  NIGER,  nov.  sp. 

Most  nearly  allied  to  C.  latens  by  the  shortness  of  the 


438  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

hind-legs  and  of  the  ovipositor.  It  is,  however,  wholly  of 
a  black  color  with  a  reddish  tinge,  especially  about  the 
head,  under-surface  of  body,  hind  femora,  and  ovipositor; 
the  spines  of  the  legs  are  all  reddish  brown ;  there  are  also 
some  traces  of  a  reddish  tinge  upon  the  pronotum,  which 
thus  exhibit  obsolete  vestiges  of  the  peculiar  markings  of 
the  Ceuthophili  hitherto  mentioned ;  the  hind  femora  are 
unusually  slender  though  short ;  the  claws  of  all  the  feet 
are  twice  as  long  as  ordinarily,  and  the  denticulations  of 
the  inner  valves  of  the  ovipositor  are  very  slender  and 
long ;  the  antennae  are  quite  short ;  the  eyes  are  more 
nearly  circular  and  more  globose  than  usual,  and  do  not 
hug  the  base  of  the  antennae  so  closely. 

Length  of  body,  .6  in.;  of  hind  femora,  .4  in.;  of  ovi- 
positor, .27  ;  of  antennae,  1  in.  1  9 . 

Rock  Island,  Illinois,  (Uhler.) 

9.  C.    CALIFORNIANUS,  HOV.  Sp. 

Fuscous,  paler  beneath  and  upon  the  front  of  the  head  ; 
a  narrow  pale  median  line  ;  eyes  black ;  palpi  pale ; 
antennae  light  brown.  The  hind  femora  are  short  and 
thick,  and  have  no  spines  upon  the  under-surface ;  the 
claws  of  all  the  tarsi  are  quite  long ;  the  ovipositor  is  re- 
markably short,  no  longer  than  the  cerci ;  the  denticula- 
tions of  the  inner  valves  are  rather  prominent  but  dull. 

Length  of  body,  .53  in. ;  of  hind  femora,  .22  in. ;  of  ovi- 
positor, .09  in.  19. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 

I  have  a  species  from  Texas,  apparently  more  closely 
allied  to  this  than  to  any  other,  though  with  an  ovipositor 
of  ordinary  length,  but  in  too  mutilated  a  condition  for 
description. 

10.  C.  STYGIUS. 

Raphidophora  stygia,  Scudd.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist. ; 

VIII.  9.  (1861.) 

Hickman's  Cave,  Kentucky,  (Hyatt.) 


of  the  North  American   Orthoptera.  439 

11.  C.  AGASSIZII. 

Raphidophora  Agassizii,  Scudd.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat. 

Hist;  VIII.  11.       (1861). 
Gulf  of  Georgia,  Washington  Territory,  (A.  Agassiz.) 

12.  C.  GRACILIPES. 

Phalangopsis  gracilipes,  Hald.,  Proc.  Am.  Ass.  Adv. 

Sc.  ;  II.  346.  (1850.) 

Raphidophora  gracilipes,  Scudd.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat. 

Hist.  ;  VIII.  7.  (1861.) 

This  has  longer  legs  than  any  other  species,  unless  it  be 
C.  stygia,  which  it  much  resembles  in  style  of  marking 
and  length  of  antennae  ;  this,  together  with  the  two  pre- 
ceding species,  frequently  have  little  suppressed  spines 
upon  the  inner  edge  of  the  upper  posterior  half  of  the 
hind  femora. 

S.  Illinois,  (Uhler.)  N.  York,  (Uhler.)  Schooley's  Mt., 
New  Jersey,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.)  3  g. 

The  first  eight  species  of  Ceuthophilus  mentioned  agree 
together  remarkably  in  the  distribution  of  the  markings 
of  the  dorsum,  as  do  also  the  three  last  among  them- 
selves, while  C.  californianus  and  the  undescribed  Texan 
species  form  a  third  distinct  group. 


HADENCECUS,  Nov.  gen.  (adrje, 

Body  small  and  slender  ;  head  similar  to  Ceuthophilus  ; 
antennae,  very  long  and  slender,  exceeding  the  length  of 
the  body  many  times  ;  basal  joints  much  as  in  Ceuthophi- 
lus^ except  that  the  second  is  broader,  and  the  fourth  is 
more  than  half  the  length  of  the  third  ;  eyes  as  in  Ceu- 
thophilus; maxillary  palpi  very  long  and  slender  ;  first  joint 
short  ;  second  fully  twice  as  long  as  first  ;  third  quite  long, 
fully  equalling  twice  the  length  of  second  ;  fourth  nearly 
as  long  as  the  third,  slender  at  the  base,  thickened  towards 
the  tip  ;  fifth,  longer  than  third,  of  a  similar  form  to  the 
fourth,  but  more  incrassated  at  the  tip,  compressed  lat- 


440  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

erally,  slightly  curved,  and  split  on  the  underside  only 
at  the  tip.  Tubercle  of  the  vertex  very  small,  pointed, 
bilobed.  Epimera  of  the  meso-  and  metathorax  not  cov- 
ered by  the  sides  of  the  meso-  and  metanotum ;  wings 
wanting ;  metasternum  with  a  short  sharp  spine  ;  legs  re- 
markably long  and  slender ;  coxae  carinated  externally,  the 
first  pair  having  the  carina  elevated  in  the  middle  to  a  point ; 
femora  without  spines;  hind  femora  turned  inwards  and 
a  little  swollen  at  the  base,  extending  over  only  the  basal 
half;  under-surface  delicately  channelled;  the  two  anterior 
tibiae  are  slightly  longer  than  their  corresponding  femora  ; 
tarsi  much  compressed  laterally ;  anal  cerci  long  and  slen- 
der ;  ovipositor  long  and  slightly  ensiform,  rounded  off 
very  gradually  at  the  extremity  to  a  delicate  point. 

This  genus  differs  from  Rhaphidophora  in  the  propor- 
tional lengths  of  the  joints  of  the  maxillary  palpi,  in  the 
want  of  spines  on  the  first  two  pair  of  femora,  and  the 
peculiarity  of  character  in  those  of  the  posterior  tibise  and 
basal  tarsal  joint,  as  well  as  the  shape  of  the  latter,  in  the 
convexity  of  the  eyes,  and  in  the  non-development  of 
spines  on  the  coxae  of  the  mesothoracic  legs  ;  most  prob- 
ably Raphid.  palpata,  Charp.,  of  Europe,  belongs  to  this 
genus. 

1.  H.  SUBTERRANEA. 

Raphidophora  subterranea.    Scudd.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat. 

Hist. ;  VIII.  8.       (1861.) 
Mammoth  Cave,  Kentucky,  (Hyatt,  D.  C.  Scudder.) 

TROPIDISCHIA,  Nov.  gen.     (T/DOTUC,  to%ia). 

Head  similar  to  Ceuthophilus ',  antennae  long  and  slen- 
der, about  three  times  the  length  of  the  body ;  first  joint 
large  and  stout,  considerably  longer  than  broad ;  second 
much  smaller  but  broader  than  the  succeeding  ;  third  long 
and  slender,  narrowing  anteriorly,  the  rest  unequal ;  eyes 
subovate,  very  globose,  slightly  removed  from  the  basal 


of  the  North  American   Orthoptera.  441 

joint  of  antennas;  maxillary  palpi,  long  and  slender;  first 
and  second  joints  short,  the  second  a  little  the  longer;  third 
more  than  twice  the  length  of  the  second ;  fourth  nearly 
as  long  as  third ;  fifth  nearly  equal  to  third  and  fourth 
together,  a  very  little  curved,  swollen  at  the  tip,  and  split 
a  little  way  down  the  under-side  ;  tubercle  of  the  vertex 
small,  but  sharply  prominent,  deeply  bisected ;  sides  of  the 
thoracic  nota  shorter  than  in  Hadenoscus^  the  meso-  and 
metanotum  not  extending  downwards  so  far  as  the  pro- 
notum  ;  wings  wanting  ;  legs  long  and  slender,  especially 
the  hindmost  pair ;  the  coxae  have  the  lower  edge  pro- 
duced on  the  inner  side  to  a  small  dull  spine,  and  they  are 
also  carinated  externally,  the  carinae  of  the  pro-  and  meso- 
thorax  being  produced  to  a  spine  as  in  Ceuthophilus  ;  the 
femora  and  tibiae  are  four-sided,  and  have  all  the  edges 
minutely  and  closely  spined,  except  the  posterior  femora  ; 
these  are  swollen,  though  not  heavily,  at  the  basal  portion, 
which  is  not  turned  inwards,  as  in  the  two  preceding 
genera,  and  has  the  rectangular  spinous  character  of  the 
other  femora  upon  the  terminal  half,  and  even  affecting 
the  swollen  portion  ;  the  under-surface  is  deeply  and  nar- 
rowly channelled  ;  the  two  anterior  tibiae  are  somewhat 
longer  than  their  corresponding  femora ;  there  are  no 
heavy  spines  upon  any  portion  of  the  legs  except  upon 
the  extremity  of  the  hind  tibiae  where  there  is  a  pair  of 
moderately  long  ones  ;  tarsi  much  compressed  laterally ; 
anal  cerci  blunt,  channelled  interiorly. 

This  genus  differs  from  Raphidophora  in  the  character  of 
its  maxillary  palpi,  the  absence  of  any  peculiar  develop- 
ment of  spines  upon  the  legs,  in  the  shape  of  the  joints  of 
the  tarsi,  and  the  globosity  of  the  eyes. 

1.    T.    XANTHOSTOMA. 

Raphidophora,  xanthostoma,  Scudd.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat. 

Hist. :  VIII.  12.         (1861.) 
Crescent  City,  Cal.  (A.  Agassiz.) 

JOURNAL   B.    S.   N.    H.  66  NOVEMBER,   1862. 


442  Materials  for  a  Monograph 


UDEOPSYLLA,  Nov.  gen.   (oiJd 

This  genus  is  to  be  placed  between  Ceuthophilus  and 
Daihinia.  The  body  is  heavier  and  stouter  than  in  Ceu- 
thophilus^ with  a  larger  head;  the  form  of  the  body  is 
that  of  Ceuthophilus;  antennaB  as  in  Daihinia;  first  joint 
larger  and  stouter  than  the  rest,  as  broad  as  long,  com- 
pressed anteriorly  ;  third  joint  twice  as  long  as  second  ; 
remainder  unequal  ;  eyes  small,  subpyriform,  docked  on 
the  antennal  border,  globose;  maxillary  palpi  rather  long; 
first  and  second  joints  equal  and  small  ;  third,  more  than 
equal  to  the  preceding  together  ;  fourth,  little  more  than 
half  as  long  as  third  ;  fifth,  a  little  longer  than  third,  some- 
what curved,  split  along  the  whole  under  side  ;  as  in  Ceu- 
thophilus the  pro-  meso-  and  metanota  nearly  conceal  the 
epimera  of  the  thoracic  segments  ;  coxae  differing  but 
slightly  from  Ceuthophilus  ;  hind  femora  very  heavy, 
thick,  and  especially  broad,  but  not  so  much  so  as  in  Dai- 
hinia^ where,  as  in  this  genus,  the  whole  limb  is  swollen, 
and  not  the  basal  portion  only,  as  in  the  preceding  genera  ; 
in  the  males  the  hind  femora  are  spined  beneath  ;  the  fore 
and  middle  femora  are  shorter  and  heavier  here  and  in 
Daihinia  than  in  Ceuthophilus  ;  tarsi,  with  the  first  and 
fourth  joints  equal  and  longest  ;  second  and  third  equal  and 
small,  the  second  overlapping  the  third  above  ; 
t^^-^  ^ne  ovipositor  is  rather  short,  thick  at  base,  slen- 

Fig.  2.  der  at  apical  half,  terminating  much  as  in  Ceu- 
thophilus. 

This  genus  differs  from  Daihinia  in  the  longer,  more 
slender,  less  robust,  and  less  spinous  legs,  in  the  some- 
what more  slender  body  and  smaller  head,  in  the  shorter 
maxillary  palpi,  and  in  the  structure  of  the  tarsal  joints. 
See  figs.  2,  3. 

1.    U.  ROBUSTA. 

Phalangopsis  (Daihinia)  robustus,  Hald.,  Proc.  Am.  Ass. 
Adv.  Sc.;  11.346.  (1850.) 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  443 

Platte  River  above  Fort  Laramie,  Nebraska,  (Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.)  2^29. 

I  have  examined  Haldeman's  types. 

2.  U.  NIGRA,  nov.  sp.     (Fig.  2.) 

Shining  black,  with  a  faintly  indicated,  narrow,  reddish 
dorsal  line,  a  reddish  tinge  on  the  front  of  the  face,  the 
basal  half  of  the  inner  surface  of  hind  femora  and  the  ter- 
minal half  of  the  ovipositor,  reddish.  The  hind  femora  of 
the  male  have,  upon  either  edge  of  the  under-surface,  but 
especially  on  the  inner,  short  but  heavy  spines,  not 
crowded ;  the  hind  tibiae  are  furnished  on  either  edge  of 
the  upper  surface  with  four  or  five  opposite,  long,  and  slen- 
der spines,  between  each  two  of  which  are  placed  three  or 
four  suppressed  spines ;  there  is  a  single  row  of  short 
spines  upon  the  under-surface,  which  become  double  to- 
wards the  tip ;  the  inner  valves  of  the  ovipositor  have 
five  teeth,  growing  longer  and  more  curved  towards  the 
tip,  where  they  are  very  long  and  slender. 

Length  of  body,  .8-.9  in. ;  of  hind  femora  9  .56  in. ;  $  .68 
in. ;  of  ovipositor,  .33  in. ;  of  antennae,  about  an  inch.  1  $ 
1  9. 
Red  River  of  the  North,  (Kennicott.)  Minnesota,  (S.  H.  S.) 

DAIHINIA,  HALDEMAN. 

In  this  genus,  while  the  tarsi  of  the  mesothoracic  legs 
are  as  they  appear  in  allied  genera,  the  tarsal  joints  of  the 
anterior  and  posterior  pair  are  only  three  in  num- 
ber, the  first   and    last   being   of  nearly   equal  a 
length,  with  a  single  small  joint  between  them, 
a  very  interesting  exception  to  the  almost  univer-  ^  <~~ 
sal  rule    among  the  Locustarice.     (See  Fig.  3,     Fig.  3. 
a.b.) 

1.  D.  BREVIPES,  Hald.,  Proc.  Am.  Ass.  Adv.  Sc. ;  II.  346. 
(Fig.  3.)  (1850.) 

D.   brevipes,    Girard,    Orthop.   in    Marcy's  Expl.     Red 
River  of  Louisiana ;  246.  Zool.  PI.  XV.  figs.  9-13,  (1854.) 


444  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

Platte  River  above  Fort  Laramie,  Nebraska,  (Mus.  Com  p. 
Zool.)  2  £,  1  9. 

I  have  examined  Haldeman's  types. 

CYRTOPHYLLUS,  BUKMEISTEK. 
*   1.    C.  CONCAVUS. 

Pterophylla  concava,  Say  Mss.  and  Harr.,  Enc.   Am.; 

VIII.  42.  (1831.) 

«  "          Harr.,  Cat,  Ins.  Mass. ;  56.  (1835.) 

Platyphyllum  concavum,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  1 58,  fig. 

74.  (1862.) 

Platyphyllum  perspicillatum^  Serv.  teste  Erich  son,  Archiv- 

f.  Nat. ;  IX.  227.  (see  No.  2.)  (1843.) 

«  "  Uhl.  in  Harr.,  Report,    3d 

ed. ;  158.  (1862.) 

(Not  Locusta  perspicillala,  Fabr.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Agassiz.)  Conn.,  (Norton.)  N.  Y., 
(Edwards,  Akhurst.) 

2.  C.   PERSPICILLATUS,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;  II.  697. 

(1838.) 

Locusta  perspicillata,  Fabr.,  Spec.  Ins. ;  I.  357.      (1781.) 

«  «  Fabr.,  Mant.  Ins. ;  1.233.      (1787.) 

«  «  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst. ;  II.  36.       (1793.) 

"  "  Stoll,  Spectres,  etc. ;  PI.  VII.  a.  fig. 

23.  (1813.) 

Platyphyllum  perspicillatum^  Serv.,  Hist.  Nat.  d.  Orth. ; 
445.  (1839.) 

This  species  differs  from  the  northern  one  in  its  shorter, 
but  equally  broad  wing  covers,  in  the  slightly  broader  so- 
norous apparatus  of  the  male,  and  in  the  more  robust  legs. 

i  $. 

Texas,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 

PHYLLOPTERA,  SERVILLE. 

*  1.  P.  OBLONGIFOLIA,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;  II.  693. 

(1838.) 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  445 

Locusta  oblongifolia,  De  Geer,  Mem.;  III.  445.  PL 

38,  fig.  2.  (1773.) 

Gryllus  oblongifolius,  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ;  56.  (1835.) 

Phylloptera  oblongifolia^  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  159. 

(omitting  figure)  (1862.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Agassiz,  S.  H.  S.)  3  <J,  2  9. 

*  2.  P.  ROTUNDIFOLIA,  nov.  sp.  (Fig.  4),  figured  as  P.  ob- 
longifolia^ Harris'  Report,  3d  ed.,  fig.  75. 

This  species  agrees  with  the  preceding  in  coloration  in 
every  respect,  unless  the  color  of  the  ovipositor  of  the  fe- 
male be  different  in  fresh  specimens.  The  wings  and 
wing-covers  are  much  shorter  than  in  P.  oblongifolia,  the 
wing-covers,  in  consequence,  being  more  ovoid.  It  differs 
from  that  species,  also,  in  the  shape  of  the  prothorax,  which, 
in  P.  oblongifolia^  is  much  narrower  at  the  anterior  than  at 
the  posterior  border,  and  has  the  angle  formed  by  the  de- 
flexion of  the  sides  quite  sharp,  while  in  P.  rotundifolia 
the  posterior  border  is  scarcely  wider  than  the  anterior,  and 
the  angle  of  the  sides  is  rounded.  It  is  a  smaller  species 
than  P.  oblongifolia. 

Length  of  body,  .8  in. ;  of  wing  covers,  1  in. ;  of  wings, 
(when  closed,)  1.17  in. ;  of  hind  femora,  .87  in. ;  of  ovipos- 
itor, .37  in. 

Mass.,  (Sanborn,  Miss  Edmands.)  Vermont,  (Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.)  Conn.,  (Norton.)  Rhode  Island,  (H.  Coll.) 
Illinois,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 

3.    P.  CAUDATA,    nOV.  Sp. 

Similar  in  general  appearance  to  P.  oblongifolia,  but 
having  a  larger  body,  with  slightly  longer  wings,  much 
longer  legs,  and  a  very  long  ovipositor.  The  prothorax  is 
narrowed  anteriorly,  as  in  P.  oblongifolia,  while  the  lat- 
eral angles  are  rounded  as  in  P.  rotundifolia.  The  spec- 
imen I  have  examined  is  old  and  discolored,  but  faint 
tinges  of  green  are  left  upon  some  parts,  indicating  that 
the  general  color  was  as  in  the  preceding  species. 


446  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

Length  of  body,  1  in.  ;  of  wing  covers,  1.5  in.;  of  wings, 
(when  closed,)  1.8  in.  ;  of  hind  femora.  1.4  in,  ;  of  oviposi- 
tor, .8  in.  I?. 

Texas,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zobl.) 


MICROCENTRUM,  Nov.  gen.   (//j/cpdf, 

Head  oval,  broader  and  stouter  than  in  Phylloptera  ;  tu- 
bercle of  the  vertex  somewhat  prominent,  scarcely  broader 
than  first  joint  of  antennae,  slightly  furrowed  ;  eyes  broadly 
oval,  very  prominent  ;  first  joint  of  antennae  as  broad  as 
long,  second  one-third  as  large  but  also  stout,  remainder 
long  and  slender,  cylindrical.  Prothorax  flat  or  very  slightly 
concave  above,  anterior  border  very  slightly  concave,  pos- 
terior quite  convex  ;  the  sides  nearly  parallel,  the  length 
but  little  surpassing  the  breadth  ;  lateral  carinae  quite 
sharp  ;  lobes  of  the  side  straight  in  front,  well  rounded  and 
curving  forwards  behind,  rounded  beneath,  deeper  than 
broad  ;  wing-covers  with  the  triangular  superior  surface 
extending  backwards  farther  than  in  Phylloptera,  and  the 
wing-covers  themselves  not  regularly  rounded  as  there, 
but  with  the  inner  border  straighter  till 
near  the  tip,  the  outer  border  sloped  off 
toward  the  tip,  and  the  tip  itself  more 
Flg'  4'  pointed  (see  figs.  4  and  5)  ;  legs  slender, 

much  shorter  than  in  Phyl- 
loptera, especially  the  met- 
athoracic;    ovipositor   very 
short,  strongly  curved,  and 
bluntly  pointed. 
This  genus  differs  from  Phylloptera,  to  which  it  is  most 
nearly  allied,  especially  by  the  cut  of  the  wing-covers  and 
the  shortness  of  the  hind  legs  and  ovipositor. 

1.    M.  RETINERVIS. 

Phylloptera  retinervis,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent.  ;  II.  692. 

(1838.) 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  447 

Phylloptera  curvicauda,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  161,  note. 

(1862.) 

(Not  Locusta  curvicauda^  De  Geer.) 
North  Carolina,  (H.  Coll.)     Georgetown,  D.  C.,  (Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.)     2  $. 

*2.    M.  AFFILIATUM,  HOV.  Sp.        (Fig.  5.) 

This  species  is  very  closely  allied  to  the  preceding,  but 
is  a  larger  insect ;  the  hind  femora  are  proportionally 
shorter  when  compared  with  the  wing-covers ;  the  eyes  are 
less  prominent  than  there,  and  the  tubercle  of  the  vertex 
is  slightly  broader,  with  a  broader  and  shorter  medial  fur- 
row, forming  rather  a  sort  of  shallow  pit.  A  further  dis- 
tinction is  seen  in  that  the  slightly  hollowed  front  of  the 
prothorax  has  a  very  small  central  tooth,  which  does  not 
exist  in  M.  retinervis. 

Length  of  wing-covers,  1.75  in. ;  breadth,  .56  in. ;  of 
hind  femora,  .9  in. ;  of  ovipositor,  .24  in.  4  <£,  2  9. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Miss  Edmands.)  Maryland,  (Uhler.) 
Key  West,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.)  Texas,  (Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.)  Nebraska,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 

3.  M.  THORACICUM,  nov.  sp. 

Locusta  maxima  viridis  alis  latissimis,  Sloane.,  Nat.  Hist. 
Jamaica;  IJ.  201.  PI.  236,  figs.  1,  2.  (1725.) 

Tubercle  of  the  vertex  rather  prominent,  narrow,  faintly 
bilobed  and  divergent  at  the  apex,  with  a  narrow  median 
groove  ;  eyes  as  in  M.  affiliatum,  but  large  ;  prothorax  con- 
stricted anteriorly,  the  front  border  straight;  side  lobes 
broader  and  more  amply  rounded  than  in  other  species ; 
lateral  carinae  quite  prominent,  transversely  ridged,  raised 
at  the  posterior  half  quite  considerably,  and  pinched  where 
it  is  highest ;  hind  border  not  so  convex  as  in  the  preceding 
species,  and  slightly  angulated  ;  the  top  of  the  prothorax 
is  hollowed,  and  has  a  faint  medial  and  transverse  furrow ; 
wing-covers  very  closely  and  minutely  punctured  through- 
out ;  posterior  tibiae  triquetral,  expanded  upon  the  upper 


448  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

surface,  with  a  row  of  fine  spines  upon  either  side,  a  single 
row  beneath  ;  upper  surface  flat  from  tip  to  quite  near  the 
base,  where  it  is  suddenly  rounded ;  ovipositor  very  small, 
slender,  sharply  upturned.  The  only  specimen  I  have  seen 
was  preserved  in  alcohol,  but  still  exhibits  a  short,  median, 
longitudinal,  blood-red  streak  on  the  face,  and  has  the  pos- 
terior third  of  the  lateral  carinse  of  prothorax,  with  the 
whole  hind  border,  edged  with  black. 

Length  of  wing-cover,  2.2  in. ;  breadth,  .8  in. ;  length 
of  wings  beyond  wing-cover,  .2  in. ;  of  hind  femora,  1.2 
in. ;  of  ovipositor,  .25  in.  1  £ . 

Tortugas,  Florida,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 

This  species  seems  closely  allied  to  Phylloptera  azteca, 
Sauss. 

PHANEROPTERA,  SERVILLE. 

*1.  P.  CURVICAUDA,  Serv.,  Ann.  Sc.  Nat;  XXII.  159. 

(1831.) 

Phaneroptera  curvicauda,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.   Ent. ;    II. 

691.  (1838.) 

Locusta  curvicauda,  De  Geer,  Mem. ;  III.  446.  PI.  38, 

fig.  3.  (1773.) 

Gryllus  locusta  myrtifolius,  Drury,  111.  Ex.  Ent. ;  II.  78. 

PI.  41,  fig.  2.  (1773.) 

Gryllus  (Phyllopterus)  myrtifolius,  Drury,  111.  Ex.   Ent. 
(ed.  Westw.) ;  II.  88.    PI.  41,  fig.  2,  (omit- 
ting synonymy.)     (1837.) 

Pterophylla    curvicauda,    Harr.,    Cat.    Ins.    Mass. ;   56. 

(1835.) 

Phaneroptera  augustifolia^  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  160. 

fig.  76.  (1862.) 

This  species  varies  very  much  in  size,  and  in  the  pro- 
portions of  the  length  of  the  wing-cover  to  its  breadth.  I 
have  seen  specimens  from  Texas  which  apparently  belong 
to  this  species. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Agassiz,  Shurtleff,  Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.) 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  449 

Conn.   (Norton.)     Maine,  (Packard.)      Red  River  Settle- 
ments, British  Am.  (S.  H.  S.) 

CONOCEPHALUS,  THUNBERG. 

*1.  C.  ENSIGER,  Harr.,  Report,    3d    ed.;  163.    fig.    79. 

(1862.) 

C.  ensiger,  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ;  56.  (1835.) 

Locus ta  acuminata^  Stoll,  Spectres ;  PL  VIII.  a.  fig.  27. 

(1813.) 

(Not  Locusta  acuminata.  Linn,  and  De  Geer,  nor  Locusta 
acuminata,  Fabr.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Sanborn,  Shurtleff.)  Cape  Cod,  (S.  H. 
S.)  Vermont,  (H.  Coll.)  Conn.,  (Norton,  S.  H.  S.)  Il- 
linois, (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.)  Minnesota,  (S.  H.  S.)  Ne- 
braska, (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 

*  2.  C.  ROBUSTUS,  nov.  sp. 

Either  pea-green  or  dirty  brown  ;  tubercle  of  the  vertex 
tipped  with  black,  not  extending,  or  but  very  faintly  and 
narrowly,  down  the  sides ;  lateral  carinse  of  prothorax  pale 
yellowish  ;  wing-covers  dotted  with  irregularly  distributed 
black  dots,  most  conspicuous  in  the  brownish  individuals. 
In  form  as  in  coloration,  this  species  is  much  like  C.  ensiger. 
The  shape  of  the  conical  projection  of  the  vertex  is  the  same, 
or  a  little  stouter  ;  it  is  a  larger  species,  much  broader  and 
stouter  than  it,  the  wings  broader,  and  when  compared 
with  the  hind  femora,  a  little  longer  than  they  are  in  C.  en- 
siger ;  the  spines  upon  the  under  side  of  the  hind  femora 
are  larger  than  there,  being  noticed  easily  with  the  unas- 
sisted eye;  the  ovipositor  of  the  female  is  much  shorter 
than  in  C.  ensiger^  and  finally  the  insect  is  much  broader 
across  the  mesothorax,  with  a  heavier  sonorous  apparatus 
in  the  male  ;  wing-covers  fully  as  long  as  the  wings  in  the 
male  ;  slightly  longer  than  the  wings  in  the  female.  The 
only  difference  between  this  species  and  C.  ensiger  in  col- 
oration is  the  usual  lacking  of  the  spots  on  the  wing-cover 

JOURNAL   B.   S.   N.   H-  57  NOVEMBER,   1862. 


450  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

in  the  latter,  and  in  the  same  the  presence  of  a  broad 
black  band  on  either  side  of  the  tubercle  of  the  vertex, 
which  exists  in  the  former  but  seldom,  and  then  it  is  very 
narrow. 

$  Length  of  wings,  1.7  in. ;  breadth  in  middle,  .32  in. ; 
of  hind  femora,  .9  in.     9    Length  of  wing-covers,  1.9  in. ; 
extent  of   wing-covers  beyond  wings,  .1  in.  ;   breadth  of 
wing-covers  in  middle,  .22  in. ;  length  of  hind  femora,  1  in. ; 
of  ovipositor,  1  in.     17  $  green,  19  $  brown,  1  9  green. 
Cape  Cod,  by  the  sea-beach,  Sept.  (S.  H.  S.) 
This  peculiarity  of  having  its  individuals  either  wholly 
green  or  wholly  brown,  extends  to  C.  ensiger  also,  and  is 
found  in  both  while  the  animals  are  alive ;    I  have  never 
seen  a  brown  9  alive. 

3.  C.  OBTUSUS,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;  II.  705.  (1838.) 
C.  dissimilis,  Serv.,  Hist.  Nat.  d.  Orth. ;  518.  (1839.) 
"  «  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  164.  (1862.) 

Georgia,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.)     7  9. 

4.  C.  UNCINATUS,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  164.          (1862.) 
The  legs  in  this  species  are  much  shorter  and  more  ro- 
bust than   in  any  other   American  species  I  have  seen. 
Length  of  hind  femora  .65  in.     I  have  seen  only  Harris's 
original  specimen.     1  9. 

Alabama,  (H.  Coll.) 

5.  C.  CREPITANS,  nov.  sp. 

The  specimens  I  have  examined  were  dried  after  an  im- 
mersion in  alcohol,  and  are  uniform  in  their  coloration 
throughout,  with  indications  of  light  yellow  lateral  streaks 
on  the  prothorax,  as  in  (7.  robustus ;  the  tubercle  of  the 
vertex  is  devoid  of  markings ;  the  shape  of  the  tubercle 
is  very  similar  to  C.  robustus ,  but  it  is  stouter  than  there  ; 
head  and  prothorax  punctured  throughout,  the  latter  with 
a  faintly  impressed  median  line.  This  is  a  large  species, 
broad  across  the  mesothorax  as  in  C.  robustus^  having  very 
long  and  narrow  wings,  long  and  slender  legs,  and  a 
rather  long  ovipositor. 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  451 

Length  of  body  1.5  in. ;  of  wing-covers  $  2  in.,  9  2.4 
in. ;  breadth  in  middle  $  .33  in.,  9  .28  in. ;  length  of  hind 
femora  $  1.1  in.,  9  1.3  in. ;  of  ovipositor  1.43  in. ;  of  tu- 
bercle of  vertex  beyond  the  eye  .12  in.,  1  ^,2  9. 

Texas,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.)  Nebraska,  (Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.) 

XIPHIDIUM,   SERVILLE. 

*  1.  X.  FASCIATUM,  Serv.,  Ann.   Sc.   Nat. ;   XXII.  159. 

(1831.) 

Locusta  fasciata,  De  Geer,  Mem.;  III.  458.   PL  40,  fig.  4. 

(1773.) 

Pterophylla fasciata,  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass.;  56.     (1835.) 
Orchelimum  gracile,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  163.    Fig.  78. 

(1862.) 

Xiphidium  fasciatum,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;  II.  708. 

(1838.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Shurtleff,  Sanborn,  Miss  Edmands, 
Agassiz,  S.  H.  S.)  Maine,  (Packard.)  Vermont,  (H.  Coll.) 
Rhode  Island,  (H.  CoU.)  Conn.,  (Norton.)  Cape  Cod, 
(S.  H.  S.) 

*  2.    X.  BREVIPENNIS,  HOV,  Sp. 

Size  of  X.fasciatum,  with  which  it  agrees  in  coloration 
throughout,  except  that  the  wings  are  a  little  darker,  the 
dorsal  band  is  a  little  broader,  and  the  ovipositor  is  of  a 
reddish  brown  throughout,  while  in  X.fasciatum  it  is  green 
at  the  base ;  wings  .08  in.  shorter  than  the  wing-covers ; 
both  shorter  than  the  body ;  ovipositor  nearly  equalling 
the  hind  femora  in  length.  In  these  respects  it  differs  very 
much  from  X.fasciatum. 

Length  of  body,  .5  inch  ;  of  wing-covers,  .33  in. ;  of  hind 
femora,  .43  in. ;  of  ovipositor,  .4  in. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Agassiz,  Miss  Edmands,  ShurtlefF,  San- 
born,  S.  H.  S.)  Cape  Cod,  (S.  H.  S.)  Maine,  (Packard.) 

3.  X.  ENSIFER,  nov.  sp. 

Green,  with  a  reddish  brown  broad  central  stripe  on  top 


452  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

of  head  and  prothorax,  narrowed  in  front,  extending  to  tip 
of  tubercle  of  vertex;  wings  very  nearly  of  the  same 
length  as  the  wing-covers,  both  shorter  than  body,  as  in 
X.  brevipennis ;  ovipositor  very  long,  exceeding  the  length 
of  the  hindmost  femora,  of  a  brown  color,  deepest  toward 
apex. 

Length  of  body,  .55  in. ;  of  wing-covers,  .30  in. ;  of  hind 
femora,  .48  in. ;  of  ovipositor,  .6  in.  29. 

Lawn  Ridge,  Illinois,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 

ORCHELIMUM,   SERVILLE. 

*  1.   O.  VULGARE,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  162.    Fig.  77. 

(1862.) 

Pterophylla  agilis,  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ;  56.       (1835.) 
Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.)     Cape  Cod,  (S.  H. 
S.)     Conn.,  (Norton.) 

*  2.  O.  CONCINNUM,  nov.  sp. 

$  Brownish  green ;  a  dark  reddish  brown  dorsal  streak 
upon  the  head  and  prothorax,  becoming  faint  towards  the 
hind  border  of  prothorax,  and  narrowing  anteriorly  to  the 
width  of  the  tubercle  of  the  vertex,  passing  over  this  down 
the  front  to  the  labrum,  expanding  broadly  in  the  middle 
of  the  face ;  legs  brownish  green,  tarsi  dark  brown,  spines 
of  tibiae  tipped  with  black ;  abdominal  appendages  reddish 
brown ;  wing-covers  pellucid,  veins  grass-green,  except 
the  heavy  transverse  vein  of  the  sonorous  apparatus,  which 
is  brown;  wings  pale  brownish  green,  extending  a  little 
beyond  wing-covers ;  9  having  the  same  markings  as  the 
$  except  that  all  the  nervures  of  the  wing-covers  are 
brown,  and  the  wings  are  more  dusky,  and  are  shorter 
than  the  wing-covers;  ovipositor  reddish  brown,  a  little 
curved  and  very  pointed;  a  much  slenderer  and  more 
graceful  form  than  O.  vulgare. 

Length  of  body,  .7  in. ;  of  wing-covers,  .84  in. ;  of  wings 
beyond  wing-covers,  .08  in. ;  of  hind  femora,  .6  in. ;  of 
ovipositor,  .32  in.  1  <J,  2  9. 


of  the  North  American   Orthoptera.  453 

Cape  Cod,  (S.  H.  S.) 

*  3.    O.   GLABERRIMUM. 

Xiphidium  glaberrimum,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;  II.  707. 

(1838.) 

The  dorsal  band  here  is  bordered  with  black,  as  is  also 
the  outer  edge  of  the  sonorous  apparatus  of  the  male ; 
antennae  very  long;  ovipositor  slightly  expanded  in  the 
middle. 

Conn.,  (Norton.)     Georgia,  (Gerhard.)     1  <£,  1  9. 

4.  O.  AGILE. 

Locusta  agilis,  De  Geer,  Mem. ;  III.  457.  PI.  40,  fig.  3. 

(1773.) 

Xiphidium  agile,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;  II.  707.  (1838.) 

This  species  has  a  short  ovipositor,  shaped  much  as  in 
O.  vulgare,  and  a  very  narrow  dark  median  streak  down 
the  face ;  it  has  a  shorter  pronotum  than  O.  vulgare. 

Maryland,  (Uhler.)     Illinois,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.)    2  9. 

5.  O.  LONGIPENNIS,  HOV.  Sp. 

Dorsal  band  on  head  dark  reddish  brown,  broad,  nar- 
rowing to  the  width  of  tubercle  of  vertex,  not  extending 
6ver  the  face,  divided  on  the  pronotum,  forming  two  nar- 
row bands,  scarcely  reaching  either  front  or  hind  border ; 
wing-covers  very  long  and  slender,  a  little  shorter  than  the 
wings ;  tarsi  with  first  two  joints  brown,  the  other  two 
dark  green ;  ovipositor  not  long,  pointed,  reddish  brown ; 
antennae  extending  back  beyond  tip  of  wings. 

Length  of  wing-covers,  1.16  in. ;  of  wings  beyond  wing- 
covers,  .1  in. ;  of  hind  femora,  .72  in. ;  of  ovipositor,  .32  in. 
1  9. 


Texas,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.). 

THYREONOTUS,   SERVILLE. 
*  1.     T.  PACHYMERUS. 

Decticus  pachymerus,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;  II.  712. 

(1838.) 


454  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

Conn.,  (Norton.)  Mammoth  Cave,  Kentucky,  (Hyatt.) 
1  «?,29. 

*  2.    T.  DORSALIS. 

Decticus  dorsalis,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent;  II.  713.  (1838.) 
Mass.,  (Sanborn.)    Khode  Island,  (H.  Coll.)     Maryland, 
(Uhler.)    6  9. 

Among  other  distinctions  between  these  two  species,  it 
may  be  seen  that  T.  pachymerus  has  the  pronotum  well 
rounded  behind,  while  the  hind  margin  of  the  other  is 
nearly  square ;  and  the  ovipositor  is  longer  in  T.  dorsale 
than  in  T.  pachymerus^  as  are  also  the  hind  legs. 

ACRYDII,  Latreille. 
OPOMALA,   SERVILLE  (emend.) 

*  1.    O.  BRACHYPTERA,  nOV.  Sp. 

Above  reddish  brown,  dotted  faintly  with  black,  extend- 
ing a  little  over  the  sides  ;  sides  dirty  yellowish  brown, 
with  a  faint  dark  streak  extending  from  lower  border  of 
eye  backwards  over  the  lower  border  of  pronotum ;  face 
dirty  yellowish  brown,  dotted  faintly  with  brownish  spots ; 
antennae  brown,  darkest  toward  tip ;  legs  reddish  brown  $ 
tarsi  darker,  tibiae  with  black  tipped  spines ;  hind  femora 
with  a  row  of  black  dots  on  upper  edge,  terminal  lobe 
black ;  hind  tibiae  at  base  and  on  under  side  toward  the 
tip,  black ;  wing  covers  yellowish  brown ;  vertex  of  the 
head  rather  prominent,  suddenly  swollen  in  advance  of 
the  eyes,  from  thence  sloping  to  a  blunt  rounded  point, 
the  edge  upturned,  and  the  median  ridge  prominent  and 
sharp,  becoming  rounded  on  the  head;  wing-covers  but 
little  more  than  half  the  length  of  body  ;  wings  very  short, 
nearly  abortive. 

Length  of  body,  1.05  in. ;  of  antennae,  46  in. ;  of  vertex' 
.053  in. ;  of  hind  femora,  .52  in. ;  of  wing-covers,  .42  in 
of  wings,  .1  in.     1  $. 

Princeton,  Mass.  (S.  H.  S.). 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  455 

CHLOEALTIS,  HARRIS. 

Chrysochraon,  Fisch.  Fr. 

*  1.  C.  CONSPERSA,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  <ed. ;  184.    (1862.) 
C.abortiva,          "  "  «          "       (1862.) 

Mass.,  (Sanborn.)  New  Hampshire,  (H.  Coll.)  Eastern 
shore  of  Lake  Winnipeg,  British  America,  (S.  H.  S.) 
5  specimens. 

*2.  C.  VIRIDIS,  nov.  sp. 

Vertex  broad,  expanding  a  little  in  advance  of  the  eyes, 
beyond  which  the  sides  slope  so  as  to  form  a  right  angle 
with  each  other,  rounded  at  the  apex ;  the  edge  upturned 
more  or  less ;  pronotum  with  the  median  and  lateral 
carinae  parallel,  distinct,  sharp ;  wing-covers  shorter  than 
the  body,  a  little  longer  than  the  wings. 

£  Top  of  head  and  prothorax  green ;  sides  of  head  and 
prothorax  dirty  brown,  with  an  horizontal  black  band 
behind  the  eye,  extending  over  prothorax ;  front  of  head 
yellowish  brown  ;  fore  and  hind  legs  reddish  brown,  meso- 
thoracic  legs  green ;  spines  of  tibiae  tipped  with  black ;  wing- 
covers  above  green,  upon  the  sides  brown  ;  body  beneath 
yellowish.  9  varying  from  olivaceous  green  to  dark  brown, 
with  a  dark  band  behind  the  eye  as  in  the  $  ;  upon  the 
top  of  the  head  a  dark  band  extends  from  either  side  of 
the  vertex,  curving  inwards  and  then  outwards  to  midway 
between  the  median  and  lateral  carinae;  hind  tibiae  red- 
dish brown. 

Length  of  body,  $  .6  in.,  9  1  in. ;  of  pronotum,  $  .14 
in. ;  9  .21  in. ;  breadth  of  pronotum,  $  .07  in.,  9  .13  in. ; 
length  of  hind  femora,  $  A  in. ;  9  .6  in. ;  of  wing-covers, 
$  .3  in.,  9  .42  in.  3  specimens. 

Conn.,  (Norton.) 

*3.  C.  PUNCTULATA,  HOV.  Sp. 

Vertex  broad,  much  as  in  C.  viridis,  but  slightly  more 
prominent ;  sides  of  the  pronotum  very  nearly  parallel, 
slightly  divergent  posteriorly;  lateral  and  median  carinsc 


456  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

distinct,  sharp ;  wing-covers  extending  to  tip  of  abdomen 
equally  with  the  wings. 

Vertex  edged  with  reddish  brown ;  a  narrow  reddish 
brown  band  extends  along  the  lateral  carinae  of  pronotum 
to  the  eye,  edged  below  with  black ;  it  extends  also 
slightly  upon  the  base  of  the  wing-covers ;  abdomen, 
sternum,  forelegs  and  mouth-parts,  (except  the  black  man- 
dibles,) reddish  brown ;  hind  tibiae  yellowish  brown,  its 
spines  tipped  with  black ;  all  the  tarsi  darker ;  wing-cov- 
ers green,  with  scattered  small  brownish  spots. 

Length  of  body,  .95  in. ;  of  pronotum,  .19  in. ;  width  of 
pronotum  in  middle,  .09  in. ;  length  of  hind  femora,  .54  in. ; 
of  wing-covers,  .7  in.  19. 

Conn.,  (Norton.) 

STENOBOTHRUS,  FISCHER  FR. 

*  1.    S.  CURTIPENNIS. 

Locusta  curtipenniS)  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ;  56.     (1835.) 

Chloealtis  curtipennis^  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  184.  PL  3, 
fig.  1.  (1862.) 

This  is  our  most  common  species,  and  is  very  abun- 
dant. The  figure  in  Harris's  Report  is  a  very  poor  one ; 
the  antennae  are  more  than  one  half  too  short,  and  the 
pronotum  is  inaccurately  rendered. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Agassiz,  Miss  Edmands,  Shurtleff,  San- 
born,  S.  H.  S.)  Maine,  (Packard.)  Conn.,  (Norton,  S.  H. 
S.)  Red  River  Settlements,  British  America,  (S.  H.  S.) 

*  2.    S.  MELANOPLEURUS,  HOV.  Sp. 

Vertex  of  the  head  broad,  expanded  to  a  blunt  point  on 
either  side  in  front  of  the  eyes,  triangular,  very  blunt  at  the 
apex ;  edge  upturned  with  a  very  slight  median  ridge, 
scarcely  crossing  the  vertex  ;  no  foveolaa  ;  pronotum  with 
lateral  carinas  nearly  parallel,  slightly  approaching  one 
another  in  the  middle ;  median  carina  sharp,  rather  more 
distinct  than  the  lateral;  posterior  border  of  pronotum 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  457 

straight ;  wing-covers  slightly  shorter  than  the  body ; 
wings  nearly  abortive. 

Brown ;  sides  of  the  pronotum,  and  of  the  first,  two  or 
three  abdominal  segments,  shining  black  ;  face  and  mouth- 
parts  paler;  a  reddish  brown,  curved  streak  on  the  top  of 
the  head  from  inner  edge  of  eye  to  lateral  carinae  of  pro- 
notum ;  legs  yellowish  brown ;  posterior  femora  with  one 
or  two  dark  streaks  on  the  sides ;  posterior  tibiae  black  at 
tip  and  base. 

Length  of  body,  .67  in. ;  of  antennae,  .39  in. ;  of  wing- 
covers,  .38  in. ;  of  hind  femora,  .42  in.  2  £  . 

Mass.,  (S.  H.  S.)     Maine,  (Packard.) 

Easily  distinguished  from  any  other  species  by  the 
black  sides  of  the  pronotum. 

*  3.     S.  LONGIPENNIS,  UOV.  Sp. 

Vertex  of  the  head  as  in  S.  melanop/eurus,  but  with  no 
median  ridge,  and  having  very  distinct  foveolas,  long,  nar- 
row, deep;  lateral  carinae  of  pronotum  equally  prominent 
with  the  median,  approximate,  convergent  anteriorly,  di- 
vergent at  posterior  border;  coarse,  shallow  punctures  on 
the  posterior  half  of  pronotum  ;  posterior  border  arcuated  ; 
wing-covers  longer  than  body;  wings  scarcely  shorter  than 
wing-covers. 

Head  and  thorax  brown;  a  broad,  black  band  on  the 
sides,  behind  the  eye,  extending  to  hind  edge  of  pronotum, 
limited  above  by  the  lateral  carinae,  below  merging  into 
the  brown ;  a  narrow,  straight,  longitudinal  streak  on  top 
of  head,  starting  from  inner  border  of  the  eye ;  parts  of  the 
mouth  yellowish  ;  antennae  yellowish  brown  at  base,  the 
rest  brown  or  black ;  legs  yellowish  brown  ;  hind  tibiae,  ex- 
cept the  black  base,  and  slender  portion  of  hind  femora 
reddish  brown,  extremity  black  ;  abdomen  yellow  beneath, 
above  brown  ;  wing-covers  uniform  brown. 

Length  of  body,  $  .55  in.,  9  .7  in.;  of  antennas,  £  .36 

JOURNAL  B.  S.  N.  H.          58  NOVKMBEK,  1862. 


458  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

in.,  9  .28  in. ;  of  hind  femora,  .44  in. ;  of  wing-covers,  .65 
in.  7  specimens. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Miss  Edmands,  Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.) 

4.  S.  SPECIOSUS,  nov.  sp. 

Vertex  of  the  head  quite  broad,  not  -expanding  at  the 
sides,  apex  not  rounded,  the  sides  of  the  angle  straight ; 
edges  upturned  considerably ;  a  slight  median  groove  ;  no 
foveolae ;  sides  of  the  pronotum  approximate,  constricted 
in  the  middle ;  lateral  foveolae  not  so  prominent  and  sharp 
as  the  median  ;  wings  as  long  as  the  wing-covers,  extend- 
ing beyond  the  tip  of  abdomen. 

Above  brown ;  below  pale  yellow ;  face  yellowish 
brown;  mouth-parts  pale  yellow;  antennae  reddish  brown  ; 
a  narrow,  curved  streak  on  top  of  the  head  from  inner 
edge  of  eye  to  lateral  carinae;  a  narrow,  straight,  white 
streak  from  eye  to  lateral  carinse ;  upper  half  of  sides  of 
pronotum  brownish,  darkest  above  ;  legs  yellowish  brown  ; 
spines  of  hind  tibiae  tipped  with  black;  wing-covers  brown- 
ish at  base,  apical  half  pellucid,  with  rosaceous  nervures ; 
wings  pellucid  with  rosaceous  nervures ;  costa  with  a  dark 
streak  beyond  the  middle. 

Length  of  body,  .55  in. ;  of  antennae,  .23  in. ;  of  hind 
femora,  .34  in. ;  expanse  of  wing-covers,  1  in. ;  of  wings, 
.44  in.  1  $  . 

St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  (S.  H.  S.) 

The  above-mentioned  species  have  all  immaculate  wing- 
covers  ;  those  to  be  mentioned  have  all  spots  or  streaks  on 
them. 

*  5.    S.  MACULIPENNIS,  HOV.  Sp. 

Vertex  of  the  head  rather  broad,  with  elevated  edges, 
with  no  expansion  of  the  sides  in  advance  of  the  eyes ;  the 
apex  blunt,  with  long,  shallow  foveolae,  broader  toward 
the  eye  than  at  the  apex ;  lateral  carinae  of  the  pronotum 
convergent  at  the  anterior  half,  very  divergent  at  the  pos- 
terior border,  somewhat  elevated  but  not  rounded ;  median 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  459 

carina  sharp,  high ;  hind  border  of  pronotum  angulated, 
angle  rounded  ;  wings  equally  with  wing-covers,  extend- 
ing back  beyond  the  abdomen. 

Head  and  top  of  pronotum  green  (some  individuals 
brown)  ;  a  reddish-brown,  broad  band  behind  the  eye 
reaches  the  hind  edge  of  sides  of  pronotum,  limited  above 
by  the  lateral  carinae,  which  are  white,  but  crossing  this 
posteriorly  and  filling  the  triangular  space  on  top  of  pro- 
notum, made  by  the  divergence  of  the  carinae  at  the 
posterior  border ;  sides  of  pronotum  below  the  band 
brownish  ;  wing-covers  green,  with  a  medial  band  of  equi- 
distant, square,  black  spots  along  its  whole  extent,  besides 
a  few  irregularly  scattered  smaller  black  spots ;  sometimes 
the  inner  halves  of  the  wing-covers  are  entirely  of  a  rust-red 
color ;  legs  yellowish  brown ;  the  hind  femora  sometimes 
streaked ;  the  hind  tibiae  plumbeous,  with  a  broad,  pale, 
indistinct  annulation  near  the  base ;  antennas  with  the 
basal  half  reddish,  the  apical  brownish. 

Length  of  body,  $  .55  in.,  9  .75  in.;  of  antennas,  9  .26 
in. ;  of  hind  femora,  .45  in. ;  of  wing-covers,  $  .4  in., 
9  .7  in. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Shurtleff,  Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.) 

*6.  S.  ^EQUALIS,  nov.  sp. 

Very  similar  in  general  appearance  to  S.  maculipennis, 
but  a  smaller  species,  with  wing-covers  extending  only  to 
the  extremity  of  abdomen. 

Vertex  of  head  broad  and  blunt,  the  sides  slightly  swol- 
len at  the  anterior  border  of  the  eye,  the  apex  blunt,  and 
all  the  angles  rounded  ;  the  edge  slightly  and  not  sharply 
upturned  ;  foveolae  shallow,  short,  nearly  equiangular ;  lat- 
eral carinse  of  the  pronotum  curved  inward  a  little  in  the 
middle,  not  so  prominent  as  the  sharp  medial  carina ;  hind 
border  slightly  angular,  but  nearly  straight ;  wings  and 
wing-covers  just  reaching  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen. 

Colored  much  as  in   &  maculipennis ;  the   lateral  ca- 


460  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

rinse  are  yellow,  and  the  band  extends  forwards  to  the  eye  ; 
the  band  behind  the  eye  is  quite  narrow,  and  the  sides  be- 
low it  green,  like  the  parts  above,  and  the  triangular  dash 
of  black  upon  the  top  of  the  pronotum  at  the  hinder  an- 
gles is  much  narrower  than  there,  on  account  of  the  lesser 
divergence  of  the  lateral  carinae  ;  the  medial  band  of  the 
wing-covers  containing  the  square  black  spots  is  yellowish 
brown  as  in  S.  maculipennis,  and  the  extremity  is  pel- 
lucid. 

Length  of  body,  £  .45  in.,  9  .66  in.;  of  antennae, 
$  .24  in.,  9  .2  in. ;  of  hind  femora,  £  .3  in.,  9  .38  in. ; 
of  wing-cover,  $  .34  in.,  9  .46  in. 

Mass.,  (Shurtleff,  Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.)     Maine,  (Packard.) 
N.  Y.,  (H.  Coll.)     Minnesota,  (S.  H.  S.) 
*7.  S.  BILINEATUS,  nov.  sp. 

Vertex  of  the  head  slightly  swollen  at  anterior  border  of 
the  eye,  but  rounded  as  is  also  the  apex  ;  edges  not  up- 
turned ;  foveolae  only  indicated  by  a  very  faint,  scarcely 
perceptible  depression  ;  sides  of  the  pronotum  rather  sud- 
denly constricted  in  the  middle,  the  lateral  carinae  broader 
than  the  sharp  medial  one ;  hind  border  of  pronotum 
slightly  rounded  ;  wing-covers  of  the  length  of  the  abdo- 
men. 

Brown,  generally  dark  ;  face  yellowish  brown,  blotched 
with  black  ;  a  narrow  black  band  extends  from  the  tip  of  the 
vertex  along  each  side,  extending  back  on  to  the  pronotum 
by  the  side  of  the  lateral  carinae  to  the  posterior  border, 
widening  upon  the  pronotum  ;  the  usual  black  band  be- 
hind the  eye  is  rather  broad,  and  there  is  another  similar 
one  on  the  pronotum  farther  down  the  side,  with  a  yellow- 
ish streak  between  them  ;  the  wing-covers  are  brown  with 
a  medial  row  of  darker  spots  ;  the  legs  are  brownish,  with 
the  extremity  of  the  hind  femora  and  the  base  of  the  hind 
tibise  darker. 

Length  of  body,    $   .5  in.,   9    .65  in. ;    of  antennae,    $ 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  461 

.22  in.,    9    .19  in.;  of  hind  femora,  $    .32  in.,  9  .36  in.; 
of  wing-covers,  £  .36  in.,  9   .41  in. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Sanborn,  Shurtleff,  S.  H.  S.) 

*8.  S.  PROPINQUANS,  nov.  sp. 

Very  similar  to  the  preceding,  but  of  a  larger  size,  and 
has  proportionally  longer  wings.  It  is  also  closely  allied 
to  S.  macu/ipennis. 

Vertex  broad,  expanding  but  slightly  at  anterior  border 
of  the  eye,  the  angle  rounded,  the  apex  blunt,  edges 
scarcely  if  at  all  raised,  foveolae  as  in  S.  maculipennis,  but 
more  shallow  ;  lateral  carinae  of  pronotum  somewhat  con- 
vergent in  the  middle,  of  equal  prominence  and  sharpness 
with  the  medial ;  hind  border  of  pronotum  somewhat 
rounded  ;  wings  a  little  longer  than  abdomen. 

Brown ;  band  behind  eye  quite  broad  ;  lateral  carinae 
yellowish  ;  a  faint  curved  dark  band  from  inner  border  of 
eye  to  lateral  earinae ;  antennae  yellowish  brown ;  wing- 
covers  brownish  at  base,  transparent  at  tip,  with  a  medial 
band  of  brown  spots  extending  two  thirds  of  the  distance 
to  the  tip ;  legs  yellowish  brown  ;  hind  tibiae  plumbeous, 
with  a  broad  pale  annulation  at  base. 

Length  of  body,  $  .6  in.,  9  .75  in. ;  of  antennae,  $ 
.26  in.,  9  .23  in. ;  of  hind  femora,  $  .38  in.,  9  .48  in. ; 
of  wing-covers,  $  .55  in.,  9  .68  in. 

Conn.,  (Norton.)      Minnesota,  (S.  H.  S.) 

TRAGOCEPHALA,    HARRIS. 

*  1.  T.  INFUSCATA,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  181.       (1862.) 
Gomphocerus  in/mcata,  Uhl.  in   Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ; 

181.  (1862.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Sanborn,  Shurtleff.)  Maine,  (Packard.) 
N.  Hampshire,  (H.  Coll.)  Conn.,  (Norton.) 

*  2.  T.  VIRIDIFASCIATA,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  182.    PJ.  3, 

fig.  2.  (1862.) 

For  synonymy  see  Harris's  Report ;  to  which  add  :  — 


462  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

T.  radiata,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  183.  (1862.) 

Locusta  viridifasciata,  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass.;  56.  (1835.) 
Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Shurtleff,  Sanborn.)     Maine,  (Packard.) 
Conn.,  (Norton.)     Maryland,  (Uhler.) 

ARCYPTERA,   SERVILLE. 

Stetheophyma,  Fischer  Fr. 

*  1.    A.  LINEATA,  nOV.  Sp. 

Vertex  of  the  head  broad,  slightly  swollen  at  front  bor- 
der of  the  eye,  apex  docked,  edge  raised  to  a  ridge,  with  a 
medial  ridge  extending  over  the  whole  top  of  the  head ; 
foveolae  small,  shallow,  triangular ;  lateral  carinae  parallel 
in  anterior  half  of  pronotum,  somewhat  divergent  behind, 
not  so  high  as  the  medial,  and  much  broken  ;  wing-covers 
long  and  slender,  with  no  swollen  curves,  the  costal  border 
not  so  prominent  near  the  base  as  is  usual  in  this  genus  ; 
pronotum  rugose. 

Dark  brown ;  a  narrow  curved  dark  line  extends  from 
the  upper  border  of  the  eye  to  the  lateral  carinse  of  the 
pronotum,  and  is  the  inner  limit  of  a  broad  brownish  yel- 
low band  which  extends  from  the  eye  to  the  lateral  carinae, 
whence  it  continues  backwards  along  the  carinaB  ;  below 
this  upon  the  upper  border  of  the  side  extends  another 
broad  black  band  from  the  eye  to  hind  edge  of  pronotum ; 
the  medial  carina  is  black  ;  the  wing-covers  have  the  cos- 
tal edge  dark,  beneath  which  is  a  yellow  streak  extending 
from  base  to  the  costal  border  at  about  two  thirds  the  dis- 
tance to  the  apex ;  beneath  this  is  a  band,  narrow  and 
black  at  base,  broadening  till  it  occupies  the  whole  width 
of  wing-cover,  and  becoming  brown  toward  the  tip,  while 
the  inner  border  is  yellowish  brown  ;  wings  dusky,  the 
internal  half  with  a  yellowish  tinge ;  legs  dark  brown ; 
hind  femora  black  on  the  outer  and  inner  surface,  reddish 
brown  above,  coral  red  below,  with  a  white  spot  near  apex, 
and  the  tip  black ;  hind  tibiae  yellow  with  black  spines, 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  463 

with  the  base  and  tip  black,  and  a  dusky  annulation  at  the 
upper  limit  of  the  spines. 

Length  of  body,  $  I  in.,  9  1.4  in. ;  of  wing-cover,  9 
1.12  in. ;  breadth  of  wing-cover  in  middle,  9  .22  in. ; 
length  of  hind  femora,  .72  in.  1  <£,  1  9. 

Mass.,  (Sanborn.) 

*  2.    A.  PLATYPTERA,  HOV.  Sp. 

Vertex  of  head  much  as  in  A.  lineata,  with  the  apex 
more  rounded,  and  the  edge  scarcely  prominent;  foveolae 
only  discernible  as  faint  depressions,  slightly  longer  than  in 
A.  lineata ;  sides  of  pronotum  regularly  but  slightly  diver- 
gent ;  medial  carina  more  prominent ;  pronotum  rugose  as 
in  A.  lineata  ;  wing-covers  short  and  broad,  costal  border 
considerably  swollen  near  the  base,  internal  border  full. 

Dark  reddish  brown,  marked  on  head  and  prothorax  sim- 
ilarly to  A.  lineata,  but  with  the  colors  much  suppressed ; 
wing-covers  uniform  pale  brownish,  transparent ;  wings 
transparent,  colorless,  with  the  nervures  of  the  anterior 
half  black. 

Length  of  body,  1.2  in. ;  of  wing-covers,  .83  in. ;  breadth 
of  wing-covers  in  middle.  .21  in. ;  length  of  hind  femora 
.68  in.  1  9. 

New  England,  (Agassiz.) 

*  3.  A  GRACILIS,  nov.  sp. 

Vertex  of  the  head  as  in  A.  lineata,  except  that  it  is  more 
pointed,  narrower,  and  more  rounded  at  the  tip ;  foveolas 
long  and  narrow,  triangular,  rather  deep  ;  pronotum  as  in 
A.  lineata ;  wing-covers  much  as  in  A.  platyptera,  though 
the  costal  border  is  not  swollen  so  much. 

Dark  brown  ;  markings  of  head  and  thorax  much  as  in 
A.  tineata^  though  not  so  distinct ;  the  band  on  the  upper 
border  of  the  sides  of  pronotum  behind  the  eye  is  narrow, 
instead  of  broad  ;  wing-covers  uniform  dusky  brown,  ex- 
cept the  internal  border  which  is  yellowish  brown  ;  wings 
as  in  A.  lineata  ;  hind  femora  reddish,  black  at  tip ;  hind 


464  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

tibiaB  as  in  A.  line  at  a,  with  the  markings  rather  more  dis- 
tinct. 

Length  of  body,  .85  in. ;  of  wing-covers,  .78  in. ; 
breadth  of  wing-covers  in  middle,  .22  in. ;  length  of  hind 
femora,  .52  in.  5  $ . 

Maine,  (Packard.)  Red  River  Settlements,  British 
America,  (S.  H.  S.) 

PEZOTETTIX,  BURMEISTER. 
1.    P.  BOREALIS,  nOV.  Sp. 

Vertex  of  the  head  with  a  broad  longitudinal  furrow  in 
advance  of  the  middle  of  the  eyes  ;  sides  of  pronotum  very 
nearly  parallel,  slightly  wider  at  hind  border  which  is  arcu- 
ate ;  medial  carina  slightly  higher  than  lateral,  not  promi- 
nent ;  wing-covers  longer  than  wings,  not  quite  reaching 
the  extremity  of  the  abdomen. 

Dark  brown,  darkest  above ;  a  broad  black  band  behind 
the  eye,  extending  over  the  upper  portion  of  the  sides  of 
pronotum  to  the  hind  border;  front  dark  yellowish  brown  ; 
mouth-parts  dirty  yellowish  ;  legs  yellowish  brown  ;  hind 
femora  streaked  with  black,  with  the  tip  black ;  hind  tibia) 
reddish,  with  a  faint  paler  annulation  near  base,  the  spines 
tipped  with  black ;  wing-covers  dirty  yellowish  brown, 
spotted  irregularly  with  darker  brown;  wings  colorless,  a 
little  dusky  on  costal  border. 

Length  of  body,  .65  in. ;  of  wing  covers,  .4  in. ;  of  hind 
femora,  .4  in. 

Minnesota,  (S.  H.  S.)  Saskatchewan  River,  British 
America,  (S.  H.  S.)  Lake  Winnipeg,  (S.  H.  S.)  Anti- 
costi,  Gulf  St.  Lawrence,  (Verrill.) 

CALOPTENUS,   SERVILLE  (emend.) 

*  1.  C.  FEMUR-RUBRUM,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;  II.  638. 

(1838.) 
C.  femur-rubrum,  Uhler  in  Harr.,   Report,  3d  ed. ;  174. 

(1862.) 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  465 

Acrydium  femur-rubrum,   Harr.,    Cat.   Ins.  Mass. ;  56. 

(1835.) 

"  «  Harr.,  Report,  3d   ed. ;  174. 

fig.  80.  (1862.) 

For  further  synonymy  see  Harris's  Report. 
Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Agassiz,  Shurtleff,  Miss  Edmands,  San- 
born,  S.  H.  S.)    Maine,  (Packard.)    Connecticut,  (Norton.) 
S.  Illinois,  (Thomas.)     Minnesota,  (S.  H.  S.)     Red  River 
Settlements,  (S.  H.  S.)     Nebraska,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 

*  2.  C.  PUNCTULATUS,  Uhler  Mss. 

This  species  is  very  closely  allied  to  (7.  femur-rubrum^ 
from  which  it  is  to  be  distinguished  by  the  greater  prom- 
inence of  the  front ;  by  the  greater  globosity  of  the  eyes  ; 
by  the  markings  of  the  wing-covers  and  hind  legs,  and  the 
sculpture  of  the  valves  of  the  ovipositor ;  the  wing-covers 
are  of  the  same  color  as  in  C.  fe mur-rubrum,  with  the  square 
dark  spots  not  limited  to  a  medial  band,  but  found  equally 
above  and  below  this,  extending  nearly  to  the  tip ;  the 
hind  femora  have  upon  the  outside  alternate,  transverse, 
straight  bands  of  black  and  brownish-yellow,  three  of  each 
in  number ;  hind  tibiae  brownish-red  with  black  spines, 
with  a  narrow  black  annulation  at  the  base,  followed  by 
a  wider  yellowish  one  ;  the  upper  valves  of  the  ovipositor 
are  not  curved  so  deeply  on  their  upper  surface,  nor  so 
upturned  and  pointed  at  their  tip  as  in  C.  femur-rubrum  ; 
the  lower  valves,  too,  are  much  straighter,  bent  downwards 
scarcely  at  all  at  their  tip,  and  the  lateral  tooth,  so  apparent 
in  C.  femur-rubrum^  is  here  almost  obsolete. 

Length  of  body,  1.1  in. ;  of  wing-covers,  .69  in. ;  of  hind 
femora,  .48  in. ;  1  9 .  I  have  seen  only  a  single  specimen 
sent  me  by  Mr.  Uhler  under  the  above  name. 

Maine,  (Packard.)  • 

*  3.  C.  BIVITTATUS,  Uhler  in  Say,  Ent.  of  N.  Am.  (Ed. 

LeConte) ;  II.  238.  (1859.) 

C.  bivittatus,  Uhler  in  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed.;  174.  (1862.) 

JOURNAL  B.  S.  N.  H.         59  NOVEMBER,  1862. 


466  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

Gryllus  bivittatus,  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil. ;  IV. 

308.  (1825.) 

Locusta  leucostoma,  Kirby,  Faun.  Bor.  Am.  Ins. ;   250. 

(1837.) 

Caloptenus  femoratus^  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;   II.  638. 

(1838.) 

"  "  Burm.,    teste    Erichson,    Archiv. 

f.  Nat;  IX.  229.  (1843.) 

Acrydium    sanguinipes^    Harr.,    Cat.    Ins.    Mass.  ;    56. 

(1835.) 

"         flavovittatum,   Harr.,   Report,   3d   ed.  ;    173. 

(1862.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Agassiz,  Shurtleff,  Miss  Edmands,  San- 
born.)  Maine,  (Packard.)  Conn.,  (Norton.)  Maryland, 
(Uhler.)  Texas,  (Uhler.)  Nebraska,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 
S.  Illinois,  (Thomas.)  Minnesota,  (S.  H.  S.)  Lake  Win- 
nipeg, (S.  H.  S.) 

ACRIDIUM,   GEOFFKOY. 

*  1.  A.  ALUTACEUM,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  173.     (1862.) 
A.  torvum,  Say  Mss.  and  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ;   56. 

(1835.) 

A.  rusticum,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;  II.  633.         (1838.) 
(Not  Gryllus  rusticus,  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst. ;  292.) 
Martha's  Vineyard,  Mass.,  (H.  Coll.)     Conn.,  (Norton.) 
3  specimens. 

2.    A.  AMERICANUM. 

Gryllus  americanus,  Drury,  111.  ;  II.   App.*  Descr.  and 
fig.,  I.  128.  PI.  49,  fig.  2.    (1773.) 

Locusta  tartarica>  Westwood  in  Drury,  111. ;  I.  121.  PI. 
49,  fig.  2.  (1837.) 

(Not  Gryllus  tartaricu's^  Linn.,  &c.) 
N.  Carolina,  (H.  Coll.)     Southern  States,  (Mus.  Comp. 

*  According  to  Westwood  in  his  edition  of  Drury ;  the  only  copies  of  the  old 
edition  of  Drury,  which  I  have  seen,  have  no  appendix  in  any  volume. 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  467 

Zool.)  Florida,  (Norton.)  Alabama,  (H.  Coll.)  Texas, 
(Mus.  Comp.  Zool.)  S.  Illinois,  (Thomas.) 

3.  A.  OBSCURUM,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent;  11.632.  (1838.) 

Gryllus  obscurus,  Fabr.,  Syst.  Ent.  Suppl. ;  194.  (1798.) 

This  species  has  much  stouter  legs  than  the  others. 

Texas,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Uhler.) 

("  The  obscurum  ?  F.  of  H.  Cat.  is  not  in  cabinet  of 
T.  W.  H."  Harris  Mss.) 

*  4.  A.  RUBIGINOSUM,  Harris  Mss. 

"  Light  rust-red  ;  face  with  four  elevated  lines,  the  two 
lateral  ones  not  so  distinct  as  in  A.  alutaceum;  thorax 
with  a  very  distinct  ridge  along  the  middle ;  wing-covers 
opaque,  rather  paler  on  the  overlapping  portion  than  else- 
where, with  a  projection  on  the  outer  margin  near  the 
.shoulder;  wings  transparent  and  glassy,  slightly  reddish 
towards  the  tip  and  netted  with  blackish  veins ;  hindmost 
thighs  reddish  within  and  without,  the  whitish  part  bound- 
ed on  both  sides  by  a  row  of  distant  black  dots,  and 
crossed  like  a  herring-bone  with  reddish  lines ;  knees  of 
the  same  legs  with  a  curved  black  line  on  each  side,  spines 
of  the  shins  white  tipped  with  black.  Length,  If  in. ; 
expanse  of  wings,  nearly  3  inches.  So.  Carolina,  from 
Mr.  Nuttall  and  Dr.  Holbrook."  Harris  Mss. 

Dr.  Harris  does  not  mention  the  faint  dark  spots  on  the 
wing-covers,  similar  in  disposition  to  those  on  A.  alu~ 
taceum;  there  is  some  variation  in  the  elevation  of  the 
medial  carina  of  the  pronotum,  some  individuals  showing 
it  but  indistinctly. 

Cape  Cod,  (Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.)  Conn.,  (Norton.)  South- 
ern States,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.)  Alabama,  (H.  Coll.)  So. 

Carolina,  (H.  Coll.) 

. 

(EDIPODA,  LATREILLE. 

I  have  here  included  all  the  species  which  would  be 
embraced  in  the  old  genus  (Edipoda  of  Latreille ;  it  is 


468  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

easy  to  see  that  it  should  be  divided,  'and  especially  that 
CE.  Carolina,  Burm.,  and  (E.  sordida,  Burm.,  should  each 
be  separated  from  it,  but  the  desire  of  having  fuller  ma- 
terial before  attempting  such  a  task  prevents  my  under- 
taking it  at  present. 

*  1.    CE.   CAROLINA,   Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;    II.  643. 

(1838.) 

(E.  Carolina,  Serv.,  Hist.  Nat.  d.  Orth. ;  722.          (1839.) 

«         «  Uhl.  in  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  176.  (1862.) 

Locusta  caroliniana  etc.      Catesby,   Nat.   Hist,  of  N. 

Car. ;  II.  89.  Tab.  89.  (1743.) 

Gryllus  (Locusta)  carolinus,  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat. ;  II.  701. 

(1767.) 

"  "  "  Stoll,    Spectres,  &c.      PI. 

XVIII.  b.  fig.  68.    (1813.) 

Gryllus  carolinus,  Fabr.,  Syst.  Ent. ;  291.  (1775.) 

«  «  Spec.  Ins.;  I.  368.     (1781.) 

Mant.  Ins. ;  I.  238.     (1787.) 

Ent.  Syst;  II.  58.     (1743.) 

Acridium  carolinum,  De  Geer,  Mem. ;  III.  491.     PI.  41, 

figs.  2,  3.  (1773.) 

"  «          Oliv.,  Enc.  Meth.  ;  IV.  225.  (1791.) 

Acridium  carolinianum,  Pal.  de  Beauv.,  Ins.;  147.     PI. 

IV,  fig.  6.  (1805.) 

Locusta  Carolina,  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ;  56.         (1835.) 
"  «  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed.;  176.     PI.  3, 

fig.  3.  (1862.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Miss  Edmands,  Shurtleff,  Agassiz,  San- 
born,  S.  H.  S.)  Maine,  (Packard.)  Conn.,  (H.  Coll.,  Nor- 
ton.) 

*  2.  CE.  PHOENICOPTERA,    Germ,   in  Burm.,  Handb.  d. 

Ent. ;  II.  643.  (1838.) 

"  "  Germ.,  teste  Erichson,  Archiv. 

f.  Nat.  IX.  229.  (1843.) 

(Edipoda  obliterata,  Germ,  in  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent.; 
II.  643.  (1838.) 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  469 

Locusta  apiculata,  Say  Mss.,  and  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ; 
56.  (1835.) 

Locusta  corallina,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  176.         (1862.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Shurtleff,  Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.)  Maine, 
(Packard.)  Conn.,  (Norton.) 

3.  CE.  DISCOIDEA,  Serv.,  Hist.  Nat.  d.  Orth.;  724.   (1835.) 

Acridium  tuberculatunij  Pal.  de  Beauv.,  Ins. ;  145.  PL 

IV,  fig.  1.  (1805.) 

(Not  Gryllus  tuber  culatus,  Fabr.) 

N.  Carolina,  (H.  Coll.)  Southern  States,  (Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.) 

*  4.  CE.  RUGOSA,  nov.  sp. 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  CE.  discoidea.  The  head 
and  thorax  are  dark  brown ;  two  yellowish  bands  run  from 
behind  the  eye  backwards  and  inwards,  nearly  or  quite 
meeting  one  another  a  little  in  advance  of  the  middle  of  the 
pronotum,  where  they  diverge  and  strike  the  hinder  edge 
of  the  pronotum  at  the  outer  angles  ;  there  are  two  yellow- 
ish spots,  one  below  the  other,  on  the  sides  of  the  pronotum  ; 
the  wing-covers  are  marked  much  as  in  (E.  discoidea,  but 
the  dark  blotches  are  larger  and  fully  as  abundant,  gener- 
ally occupying  the  larger  portion  of  the  wing,  so  that  it 
might  better  be  described  as  very  dark  brown  with  light 
blotches ;  the  tip  of  the  wing-cover  is  pellucid,  nearly  free 
of  spots  ;  the  wings  are  as  in  (E.  discoidea,  with  the  basal 
color  pale-yellowish  instead  of  red,  and  the  apical  portion 
less  dusky  than  there. 

Length  of  body,  $  1.1  in.,  9  1.4  in. ;  expanse  of  wings, 
<?  1.9  in.,  9  3  in. ;  depth  of  wings,  $  .5  in.,  9  .7  in.  4 
specimens. 

Mass.,  (Agassiz.)     Maine,  (Packard.) 

*  5.  CE.  XANTHOPTERA,  Germ,  in  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ; 
II.  643.  (1838.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Agassiz,  Sanborn,  Shurtleff,)  Missouri, 
(S.  H.  S.) 


470  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

*6.  GE.  suLPHUREA,Burm.,Handb.  d.Ent;  11.643.  (1838.) 
«  «          Uhl.  in  Harr.,  Report,  3d   ed. ;  177. 

(1862.) 

Gryllus  sulphureus,  Fabr.,  Spec.  Ins. ;  I.  369.          (1781.) 

«  «  «     Mant.  Ins. ;  I.  239.          (1787.) 

«  "  «     Sys.  Ent. ;  II.  59.  (1793.) 

Acridium   sulphureum,    Oliv.,    Enc.    Meth.  ;    IV.    227. 

(1791.) 

"  "  Pal.  de  Beauv.,  Ins. ;  145.    PL  4, 

fig.  2.  (1805.) 

Locusta  sulphurea,  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ;  56.       (1835.) 
"  "  «      Report,  3d  ed. ;  177.  PL  1,  fig.  6. 

(1862.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Sanborn,  Shurtleff.)    Maine,  (Packard.) 
Conn.,  (Norton.) 

CE.  sulphurea  differs  from  CE.  xanthoptera  in  its  smaller 
size  (the  males  of  (E.  xanthoptera  equalling  in  size  the  fe- 
males of  CE.  sulphurea),  in  the  squareness  and  greater  size 
of  the  foveolae  of  vertex,  in  the  direction  of  the  edges  of  the 
ridge  down  the  front  (which  in  CE.  sulphurea  are  brought 
together  at  the  vertex),  in  the  direction  of  the  hind-border 
of  the  pronotum  (which  is  much  more  angulated  in  CE. 
xanthoptera),  in  the  greater  depth  of  the  wing  in  CE.  xan- 
thoptera, and  also  in  the  band  of  the  wing,  which  in  both 
species  has  the  inner  border  turned  considerably  inwards 
close  to  the  costal  border,  and  then  outwards  again  just 
before  the  edge,  but  which  in  CE.  sulphurea  extends  in- 
wards fully  half  way  to  the  base  of  the  wing,  while  in  CE. 
xanthoptera  it  does  not  reach  one  quarter  the  distance. 
*7.  GE.  JEQUALIS,  Uhl.  in  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed.;  178. 

(1862.) 

Gryllus  cequalis,  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil. ;  IV. 

307.  (1825.) 

"  "       Say,  Ent.  of  N.  Am.  (ed.  Le  Conte) ;  II. 

237.  (1859.) 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  471 

Locusta  cequalis,  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ;  56.  (1835.) 

«  Report,  3d  ed. ;  178.  .(1862.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Agassiz,  Shurtleff,  Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.) 
Conn.,  (Norton,  S.  H.  S.)  Minnesota,  (S.  H.  S.)  Red 
River,  British  Am.  (S.  H.  S.) 

*  8.  QE.  VERRUCULATA. 

Locusta  verruculata,  Kirby,  Faun.  Bor.  Am.  Ins.;  250. 

(1837.) 
"  latipennis,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  179.  (1862.) 

(Edipoda  latipennis = cequalis,  Uhl.  in  Harr.,  Report,  3d 

ed. ;  178.  (1862.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Sanborn,  Shurtleff,  Agassiz,  S.  H. 
S.)  N.  Hampshire,  (H.  Coll.)  White  Mts.,  (Agassiz.) 
Maine,  (Packard.)  Lake  Winnipeg,  (S.  H.  S.)  Saguenay 
River,  Canada  East,  (Norton.) 

ffi  verruculata  differs  from  (E.  cequalis  in  the  follow- 
ing particulars :  in  (E.  cequalis  the  black  band  across 
the  middle  of  the  wings  is  broad,  its  outer  edge  as  well 
as  the  inner  distinct,  the  outer  border  at  first  straight, 
then  well  rounded,  curving  inwards  where  it  approaches 
the  outer  border ;  beyond  the  band  the  wing  is  pellucid, 
with  black  veins,  not  cloudy,  and  at  the  tip  there  is  either 
a  dusky  patch  or  irregularly  clustered  square  blackish  spots. 
In  (E.  verruculata  the  inner  border  of  the  band  is  more  wavy 
and  is  illy  defined ;  the  outer  border  is  straight,  and  where 
it  approaches  the  outer  border  of  the  wing,  is  turned  slight- 
ly outwards  instead  of  inwards,  and  is  frequently  very  in- 
distinct, being  merged  into  the  more  or  less  dusky  space 
beyond  it,  which  increases  in  cloudiness  to  the  tip,  where 
it  is  as  dark  as  the  band.  The  band  itself  is  quite  narrow 
in  the  middle,  so  that  it  might  be  said  to  be  made  up  of 
two  triangular  patches  which  meet  and  merge  in  the  mid- 
dle. The  broadest  band  I  have  seen  in  (E.  verrucu- 
lata, is  not  more  than  half  the  width  of  the  narrowest  in 
(E.  cequalis.  In  (E.  cequalis  the  hind  tibiae  are  either  wholly 


472  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

coral-red  or  have  a  pale  yellowish  annotation  at  the  base. 
In  (E.  verruculata  the  tibiae  have  the  base  and  apex  black, 
with  the  middle  half  yellowish  or  plumbeous,  with  gener- 
ally a  dusky  annulation  in  the  middle. 

*  9.  CE.  MARITIMA,  Uhl.  in  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  178. 

(1862.) 

Locusta  maritima,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  178.        (1862.) 
Sea-shore  of  Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Sanborn,  Miss  Edmands, 
S.  H.  S.)  Conn.,  (Norton.) 

*  10.  CE.  MARMORATA,  Uhl.  in  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  179. 

(1862.) 

Locusta  cerineipenniSi  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ;  56.  (1835.) 
"        marmorata,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  179.     (1862.) 
Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  A.  Agassiz,  Shurtleff,  Sanborn.) 

*  11.  CE.  EUCERATA,  Uhl.  in  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  180. 

(1862.) 

Locusta  eucerata,  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ;  56.         (1835.) 
"  «  "       Report,  3d  ed. ;  180.         (1862.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Shurtleff,  Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.)  Conn., 
(Norton,  S.  H.  S.) 

*  12.   QE.  PELLUCIDA,  nov.  sp. 

Ash  brown ;  face  reddish  brown  ;  antennae  yellowish  at 
base,  dark  brown  toward  tip  ;  a  triangular  black  spot  be- 
hind the  eye,  the  apex  touching  it ;  a  quadrate  transverse 
black  spot  on  the  anterior  upper  portion  of  the  sides  of 
pronotum ;  pronotum  above,  sometimes  with  a  dark  band 
down  the  middle  ;  wing-covers  with  the  basal  half  dark 
brown,  with  small  yellowish  spots  and  transverse  streaks, 
especially  on  front  border;  apical  half  clear,  with  dark 
brown  rounded  spots,  prevalent  along  the  middle,  decreas- 
ing in  size  toward  the  tip ;  when  closed,  the  upper  surface 
is  dark  brown,  with  a  rather  broad  yellowish  vitta  along 
each  angle  on  the  upper  surface ;  wings  pellucid,  with 
black  nervules ;  legs  dark  brown,  the  hind  femora  yel- 
lowish or  reddish-brown,  with  two  or  three  rather  broad 


of  the  North  American   Orthoptera.  473 

diagonal  dark-brown  streaks,  dark  at  the  apex;  hind  tibiae 
yellowish-brown,  reddish  toward  the  tip,  with  a  very  nar- 
row, generally  faint,  annulation  of  dark-brown  at  the  base  ; 
spines  tipped  with  black. 

Length  of  body,  $  .65  in.,  ?  1  in. ;  spread  of  wings, 
$  1.3  in.,  9  1.6  in. ;  depth  of  wings,  $  .33  in.,  9  .4  in. 

Mass.,  (Miss  Edmands,  Agassiz,  Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.) 
Vermont,  (S.  H.  S.)  Maine,  (Packard.)  Conn.,  (Norton.) 

*  13.  CE.  SORDIDA,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;  II.  643. 

(1838.) 

Locusta  periscelidiS)  Say  Mss.,  and  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins. 

Mass. ;  56.  (1835.) 

Locusta  nebuhsa,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  181.         (1862.) 

(Edipoda  nebulosa,  Uhl.  in  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed.;  181. 

(1862.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Agassiz,  Shurtleff,  Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.) 
Maine,  (Packard.)  Conn.,  (Norton.) 

14.  CE.  COSTALIS,  nov.  sp. 

Brownish-yellow,  profusely  mottled  with  reddish-brown  ; 
a  broad  yellowish  band  extends  from  each  eye  to  the 
opposite  outer  posterior  angle  of  the  pronotum,  crossing 
at  the  middle  of  the  pronotum,  bordered  outside  with  a 
broad  band  of  black,  narrowing  posteriorly  to  a  line,  and 
inside,  behind  the  intersection,  by  a  broad  black  band, 
which  has  another  narrow  short  black  line  parallel  to  it  at 
the  hind  border  of  the  pronotum ;  medial  carina  of  prono- 
tum equal,  rather  sharp,  not  high  ;  wing-covers  much  as 
in  CE.  sordida  ;  wings  pellucid,  with  a  faint  cloudy  patch 
at  the  middle  of  the  outer  border,  and  a  dark  streak  along 
the  costal  border  toward  the  apex ;  hind  femora  yellowish, 
with  two  transverse  dark  annulations,  the  tips  dark  brown  ; 
hind  tibiae  bluish  with  black  spines  and  a  yellowish  annu- 
lation at  base.  This  species  differs  from  (E.  sordida,  in 
the  markings  and  lowness  of  the  ridge  of  pronotum,  and 
in  the  shorter  and  fuller  wings. 

JOUUNAL   B.    S.    N.    H.  60  NOVEMBER,  1862. 


474  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

Length  of  body,  1.05  in. ;  spread  of  wings,  1.75  in. ; 
depth,  .46  in.  1  9 . 

Texas,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.) 

TETTIX,  LATKEILLE   (emend.) 

See   Tettigidea  and  Batrachidea. 

*  1.    T.  GRANULATA. 

Acrydium  granulatum,  Kirby,  Faun.  Bor.  Am.  Ins. ;  251. 

(1837.) 

Tetrix  ornata,  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ;  57.  (1835.) 

"  "  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed.;  186.  (1862.) 

(Not  Acrydium  ornatum,  Say.) 

This  species  may  be  distinguished  from  T.  ornata^  by 
its  longer  pronotum  and  greater  size,  and  also  by  the 
prominence  of  the  vertex,  which  advances  considerably 
in  front  of  the  eyes,  having  the  front  border  angulated;  in 
this  latter  feature  it  may  also  be  similarly  distinguished 
from  T.  cucullata  and  T.  rugosa,  as  also  by  its  narrower 
pronotum ;  the  males  are  much  narrower  than  the  females. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Sanborn,  Shurtleff,  S.  H.  S.)  Maine, 
(Packard.)  N.  Hampshire,  (H.  Coll.)  Minnesota,  (S. 
H.  S.) 

*  2.    T.  ORNATA. 

Acrydium  ornatum.  Say,  Amer.  Entom. ;  I.  PI.  V.  (1824.) 
"  «         Say,  Ent.  of  N.  Am.  (ed.  LeConte) ; 

I.  10.     PL  V.  fig.  1.  (1859.) 

Tetrix  arenosa,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;  II.  659.  (1838.) 
"       dorsalis,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed.  ;  186.  (1862.) 

"       quadrimaculata,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed.;  186.  (1862.) 
"        bilineata,  Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  186.  (1862.) 

<•       sordida,  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ;  57.  (1835.) 

"  "         Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  187.  (1862.) 

(Not  Tetrix  ornata,  Harr.,  Cat.  and  Report.) 
This  species  is  smaller  than  T.  granulatum,  has  the  ver- 
tex but  little  thrust  forward  in  advance  of  the  eyes,  and 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  .  475 

the  front  border  nearly  straight  instead  of  angulated ;  the 
pronotum  is  shorter  than  in  the  preceding,  and  the  wings 
are  smaller;  both  this  and  the  preceding  species  have  al- 
most every  conceivable  variation  of  ornamentation,  upon 
which  almost  exclusively  Harris  established  his  specific 
differences,  but  as  Uhler  has  remarked,  "  color  and  style  of 
marking  is  of  very  little  value  in  separating  the  species  of 
Tettix." 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Sanborn,  Shurtleff.)  N.  Hampshire, 
(H.  Coll.)  Maine,  (H.  Coll.,  Packard.)  Vermont,  (S.  H. 
S.)  Conn.,  (Norton.)  S.  Illinois,  (Thomas.)  St.  Louis, 
Missouri,  (Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.) 

*  3.    T.  TRIANGULARIS,  HOV.  Sp. 

Allied  to  T.  ornata,  and  agreeing  with  it  in  ornamenta- 
tion, in  the  character  of  the  vertex,  the  prominence  of  the 
eyes,  but  differing  in  the  length  of  the  pronotum  and  wings  ; 
as  in  both  of  the  preceding  species,  the  pronotum  and 
wings  are  of  equal  length,  but  in  this  the  pronotum  is 
scarcely  longer  than  the  body,  and  is  not  produced  back- 
ward into  such  a  slender  point,  the  sides  being  straighter  ; 
the  breadth  is  contained  three  times  in  the  length;  it  is  a 
smaller  species  than  the  preceding. 

Length  of  pronotum,  .17  in.  2  $,2  9  . 

Mass.,  (S.  H.  S.)  Maine,  (Packard.)  N.  Hampshire, 
(H.  Coll.) 

*4.  T.  CUCULLATA,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;  II.  658. 

(1838.) 

Differs  from  T.  granulata,  which  it  most  resembles,  in 
having  the  vertex  very  narrow,  slightly  less  than  the  diam- 
eter of  the  much  inflated  eyes,  the  front  cut  off  square,  and 
slightly  hollowed,  not  projecting  outward  so  far  as  the 
eyes ;  the  pronotum  is  broader  and  more  compact  over 
the  thorax,  more  suddenly  sloped  off  behind  and  extending 
backwards  nearly  twice  the  length  of  the  abdomen,  the 
wings  overreaching  slightly  ;  the  punctures  upon  the 


476  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

wing-covers  are  of  the  same  size,  but  not  so  deep  as  in 
T.  granulata. 

Length  of  pronotum,  <£,  .4  in.,  9  .5  in.     2  <J,  2  9. 

Mass.,  (S.  H.  S.)  Missouri,  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  San- 
born.) 

5.  T.  RUGOSA,  nov.  sp. 

Closely  allied  to  T.  cucullata,  agreeing  with  it  in  general 
form  and  size,  shape  and  length  of  the  pronotum,  and 
length  of  the  wings.  The  front  border  of  the  vertex  is  as 
in  T.  cucullata,  but  it  is  broader,  and  the  eyes  are  scarcely 
as  prominent.  The  whole  surface  of  the  pronotum,  in- 
stead of  being  delicately  granulated  as  in  T.  cucullata, 
with  the  medial  and  marginal  carinse  faint,  has  these  cari- 
nae  quite  prominent,  and  the  whole  surface  rugose,  deeply 
scarred  and  pitted,  with  irregular  granulated  depressions ; 
the  wing-covers  are  punctured  as  in  T.  granulata. 

Length  of  pronotum,  .54  in.     1  9. 

N.  Florida,  (Norton.) 

TETTIGIDEA,  Nov.  gen.     (rem£,  tSe'a.) 

This  genus  when  compared  with  Tettix  will  be  found  to 
differ  in  having  a  more  robust  and  clumsy  form,  a  larger 
head,  more  swollen  upon  the  top,  and  less  sloping  down 
the  front,  the  medial  ridge  in  front  more  prominent,  the 
antennae  consisting  of  twenty-two  joints,  which  are  cylin- 
drical and  not  flattened  ;  in  the  joints  of  the  maxillary 
palpi,  which  here  have  the  fourth  joint  much  larger  at  the 
apex  than  at  the  base,  somewhat  swollen,  with  a  sharp 
medial  external  ridge,  and  the  fifth  much  swollen,  flattened, 
with  a  faint  similar  ridge,  and  slightly  docked  at  the  tip ; 
as  in  Tettix  and  Batrachidea  the  first  joint  is  longer  than 
broad,  cylindrical,  the  second  slightly  shorter  than  broad, 
cylindrical,  both  together  equalling  the  third,  which  is  of 
the  same  length  as  the  fourth  or  fifth,  and  cylindrical ;  the 
lower  anterior  angle  of  the  sides  of  pronotum,  which  is 


of  the  North  American  Orthoptera.  477 

angulated  and  bent  inwards  in  Tettix,  is  here  rounded  and 
straighter ;  the  lateral  carinae  are  not  so  prominent  as  there, 
or  so  strongly  bent  inwards  in  advance  of  the  broader  por- 
tion ;  the  front  border  is  thrust  forward  at  an  angle  par- 
tially concealing  the  head;  the  prosternurn  is  very  strongly 
folded  transversely,  forming  a  very  deep,  sharp,  angulated 
groove,  which  in  Tettix  is  not  nearly  so  deep,  nor  are  its 
sides  so  nearly  approximated ;  wing-covers  considerably 
longer  and  narrower  than  in  Tvttix.  This  genus  further 
differs  from  Tettix  in  that  there  is  a  small  circular  swollen 
space  devoid  of  facets,  set  off  from  the  upper  inner  border 
of  the  eye.  The  same  is  true  of  Batrachidea,  but  much 
more  indistinctly,  since  it  cannot  .be  discovered  without 
the  aid  of  such  a  lens  as  will  readily  separate  the  facets  of 
the  eye. 

*  1.    T.  LATERALIS. 

Acrydium  laterale,  Say,  Am.  Ent. ;   I.  PL  5.  (1824.) 

"  "          Say,  Ent.  of  N.  Am.  (ed.  Le  Conte) ; 

"  I.  10.     PL  5,  figs.  2,  3.       (1859.) 

Tetrix  lateralis,  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. ;  57.  (1835.) 

"  «         Harr.,  Report,  3d  ed. ;  187.  (1862.) 

"       polymorphd)  var.  A,  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent. ;  II. 

659.  (1838.) 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Sanborn.)  Maine,  (Packard.)  N. 
Hampshire,  (H.  Coll.)  Conn.,  (Norton.)  S.  Illinois, 
(Thomas.) 

*1.    T.  POLYMORPHA. 

Tetrix  polymorpha,  var.  B,  Burm  ,  Handb.  d.  Ent.;  II. 

659.  (1838.) 

Tetrix parvipennis^  Harr.,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass.;  57.      (1835.) 
"  "  Harr.,  Report.  3d  ed. ;  187,  fig.  82. 

(1862.) 

In  this  species  the  wings  are  almost  abortive,  and  the 
pronotum  extends  only  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  while 
in  T.  lateralis  the  wings  extend  beyond  the  pronotum, 


478  Materials  for  a  Monograph 

which  is  itself  much  longer  than  the  body ;    T.  polymor- 
pha  is  the  more  abundant  species. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Sanborn.)  Maine,  (H.  Coll.,  Packard.) 
N.  Hampshire,  (H.  Coll.)  Conn.,  (Norton.)  S.  Illinois, 
(Thomas.)  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  (Sanborn.)  Alabama, 
(H.  Coll.) 

BATRACHIDEA,   SERVILLE. 

This  genus  differs  from  Tettix  in  its  more  solid  and  com- 
pact form  ;  in  the  larger  head,  the  more  distant  eyes,  the 
front  less  sloping ;  in  the  smaller  number  of  joints  in  the 
antennas,  which  have  but  twelve  joints,  while  in  Tettix 
there  are  thirteen  or  fourteen,  generally  the  latter ;  in  the 
shape  of  their  joints,  which  are  cylindrical  instead  of  being 
flattened,  and  more  swollen  than  in  Tettix;  in  the  maxil- 
lary palpi,  which  in  Tettix  has  the  fourth  joint  cylindrical, 
very  slightly  largest  at  the  apex,  and  the  fifth  cylindrical 
and  slightly  swollen,  while  here  the  fourth  is  somewhat 
larger  at  the  apex  than  at  the  base,  broadly  but  faintly 
ridged  outside,  and  the  fifth  swollen  considerably,  espe- 
cially on  anterior  border,  with  a  broad  faint  ridge  outside  ; 
in  the  more  swollen  and  crested  summit  of  the  head ;  in 
having  the  lower  posterior  lobes  of  sides  of  pronotum  thrust 
downwards  and  outwards  and  but  slightly  backwards,  and 
the  lower  anterior  angle  rounded ;  in  having  a  very  high 
arched  median  carina  on  pronotum,  and  the  lateral  carinse 
only  indicated  in  front ;  in  having  the  front  border  of  pro- 
notum thrust  forward  over  the  head  a  little  ;  in  having  on 
prosternum  only  a  broad  shallow  rounded  transverse  hol- 
lowing ;  in  having  the  notches  on  the  under  side  of  the  first 
joint  of  posterior  tarsi  only  very  slight,  instead  of  being 
prominent  as  in  Tettix  and  in  Tettigidea ;  in  the  shorter 
valves  of  the  ovipositor ;  and  in  having  stouter  legs  than 
in  the  two  genera  just  mentioned.  See  also  Tettigidea. 

*  1.    B.    CRISTATA. 

Tetrix  cristata^  Harris  Mss. 


of  the  North  American   Orthoptera.  479 

Vertex  projecting  beyond  the  eyes,  front  border  well 
rounded,  a  little  angulated,  the  medial  carina  sharp,  prom- 
inent, sloping  downwards  posteriorly,  the  front  deeply 
notched  immediately  in  front  of  the  eyes ;  eyes  rather 
prominent,  scarcely  more  than  half  as  broad  as  the  vertex ; 
the  pronotum  with  sides  neither  swollen  nor  hollowed,  of 
the  length  of  the  body  ;  the  medial  carina  high,  regularly 
arched  ;  the  lateral  border  with  two  shallow  grooves,  one 
anterior,  the  other  posterior,  overlapping  one  another  in  the 
middle ;  the  whole  pronotum  is  minutely  scabrous,  and 
there  is  generally  a  dark  quadrate  or  triangular  spot  on 
either  side,  above  the  terminal  half  of  the  wing-covers  ; 
wings  reaching  tip  of  pronotum. 

Length  of  pronotum,  .33  in. 

Mass.,  (H.  Coll.,  Shurtleff,  Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.)  Maine, 
(H.  Coll.,  Packard.)  N.  Hampshire,  (H.  Coll.)  Conn., 
(S.  H.  S.) 

*  2.    B.  CARINATA,  nOV.  Sp. 

The  head  much  as  in  B.  cristata,  with  the  eyes  slightly 
larger  and  more  prominent ;  the  medial  carina  of  the  pro- 
notum sharp,  regularly  arched,  the  pronotum  extending 
backward  a  good  ways  behind  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  a 
little  upturned  towards  the  tip,  with  slightly  longer  wings ; 
the  lateral  grooves  are  narrower  and  less  distinct  than  in 
B.  cristata,  and  the  upper  surface  is  more  coarsely  sca- 
brous than  there ;  marked  as  in  B.  cristata. 

Length  of  body,  .32  in.;  of  pronotum,  .43  in.     1  <£,  2  9. 

Mass.,  (Sanborn,  S.  H.  S.) 

EXPLANATION  OF  WOOD-CUTS. 

Fig.  1,  p.  424.  Fore-tibia  and  tarsi  of  Tridactylus  apicalis,  Say  <?  (magnified.) 
Fig.  2,  p.  442.  Hind-tarsi  of  Uileopsylla  niyra,  Scudd.  ^magnified  2  diameters.) 
Fig.  3,  p.  443.  «.  Hind-tarsi  of  Daihinia  brevipes,  Hald.  (magnified  2  diameters.) 

b.  Middle  tarsi  of  Daihinia  brevipes,  Hald.  (magnified  2  diameters.) 
Fig.  4,  p.  446.   Wing-cover  of  Phylloptera  rotundifolia,  Scudd. 
Fig.  5,  p.  446.  Wing-cover  of  Microcentrum  ajfiliatum,  Scudd. 


480  North  American   Orthoptera. 


Index  to  the  Genera  and  Species  in  this   Article. 

Acridium,                        466  Gryllotalpa,                     426   Phaneroptera      curvi- 

Acridium  alutaceum,    466  Gryllotalpa  borealis,      426           cauda,                       448 

americanum,  466  longipennis,  426   Phylloptera,                    444 

obscnrurn.       467  Gryllus,                            427  Phylloptera  caudata,     445 

rubiginosum,  467  Gryllus  abbreviatus,      427                    oblongifolia,    444 

Arcyptera,                      462  angustus,             427                    rotundifolia,  445 

Arcyptera  gracilis,        463  bipunctatus,        432  Platamodes,                    417 

lineata,         462  luctuosus,            427  Platamodes     pennsyl- 

platyptera,  463  neglectus,            428          vanica,                     417 

Batrachidea,                   478  "iger,                    428                         unicolor,    417 

Batrachidea  carinata,   479  pennsylvanicus,  429  Pycnoscelus                    421 

cristata,     478  Hadenoecus,                   439  Pycnoscelus  obscurus,  422 

Caloptenus,                    464  Hadenoecus     sub  terra-         Spongophora,                 415 

Caloptenus  bivittatus,  465  neus,                         440  Spongophora   bipunc- 

femur-rubrum,464  Labia,                              415        '  tata,                         415 

punctulatus,      465  Labia  minuta,                 415  Stenobothrus,                 456 

Ceuthophilns,                  433  Microcentrum,                446   Stenobothrus  gequalis,   459 

CeuthophilusAgassizii,439  Microcentrum    affilia-                        bilineatus,          460 

brevipes,         434  turn,                          447                curtipennis,        456 

californianus,  438  retinervis.       446                longipennis.        457 

divergens,        436  thoracicurn,   447                 raaculipennis,    458 

gracilipes,        439  Nemobius,                       429                 tnelanopleurus,  456 

l;ipidicolus,     435  Nemobius  exiguu?,        429                 propinquans,      461 

latens,              437  fasciatus,       430                speciosus,           458 

maeulatus,      434  vittatus,        430  Stylopyga,                       416 

niger,               437  (Ecanthus,                       431   Stylopyga  orientalis,     416 

scabripes,        436  (Ecanthus  niveus,          431  Tettigidea,                      476 

stygius,            438  punctulatus,  432  Tettigidea  lateralis,        477 

Uhleri,             435  (Edipoda,                        467                     poly morpha,  477 

Chloealtis,                       455  (Edipoda  aequalis,           470   Tettix,                              474 

Chloealtis  conspersa,     455  Carolina,            468  Tettix  cucullata,            475 

punctulata,    455  costalis,             473                granulata,            474 

viridis,           455  discoidea,         469                ornata,                 474 

Conocephalus,                449  eucerata,          472               rugosa,                476 

Conocephalus      crepi-  maritima,         472               triangularis,         475 

tans,                          450  marmorata,      472  Thyreonotus,                   453 

ensiger,       449  pellucida,         472  Thyreonotus  dorsalis,    454 

obtusus,     450  phoenicoptera,  468                    pachymerus,  453 

robustus,   449  rugosa,              469  Tragocephala,  *               461 

uncinatus,  450  sordida,            473  Tragocephala      infus- 

Cryptocercus,                 419  sulphurea,        470          cata,                         461 

Cryptocercus    punctu-  verruculata,     471                  viridifasciata,  461 

latus,                         420  xanthoptera,     469  Tridactylus,                    424 

Cyrtopliyllus,                 444  Opomala,                        454  Tridactylus  apicalis,      425 

Cyrtophyllus     conc'a-  Opomala  brachyptera,  454                         minutus,     425 

vus,                           444  Orchelimum,     "              452                        terminals,  425 

perspicillatus,  444  Orchelimum  agile,         453  Tropidischia,                  440 

Daihinia,                          443  concinnum,     452   Tropidischia  xantho- 

Daihinia  brevipes,          443  glaberrimum,  453           stoma,                       441 

Diapheromera,                423  longipennis,     453   Udeopsylla,                      442 

Diapheromera     femo-  vulgare,           452  Udeopsylla  nigra            443 

rata,                         423  Periplaneta,                    416                       robusta,       442 

Ectobia,                           418  Periplaneta  americana,  416  Xiphidium,                     451 

Ectobia  flavocincta,      419  Pezotettix,                      464  Xiphidius  brevipennis,  451 

germanica,       418  Pezotettix  borealis,       464                     ensifer,           451 

lithophila,        418  Phaneroptera,                 448                     fasciatum,     451 


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